Trumpeter Swan

This large waterfowl has a wide wingspan, all-white feathers, a black bill, and a long, curving neck.

Swans are large and aggressive waterfowl. The average adult trumpeter swan is 5 feet long and weighs around 25 pounds.

CR 1/3 XP 135

 N Small animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +2; Senses low-light vision; Perception +8

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE

 AC 13, touch 13, flat-footed 11 (+2 Dex, +1 size)

 hp 5 (1d8+1)

 Fort +3, Ref +4, Will +1

 OFFENSE

 Speed 10 ft., fly 100 ft. (average)

     A creature with a Fly speed can cease or resume flight as a free action on their turn. Without making a check, a flying creature can remain flying at the end of its turn so long as it moves a distance greater than half its speed. It can also turn up to 45 degrees during its turn by sacrificing 5 feet of movement, can rise at half speed at an angle of 45 degrees (ignoring the penalty for diagonal movement), and can descend at any angle at normal speed. At the beginning of their turn a flying creature can move in a different direction than they did previously without needing a Fly check.
     A creature with a natural fly speed receives a bonus (or penalty) on Fly skill checks depending on its maneuverability:
 • Clumsy –8
 • Poor –4
 • Average +0
 • Good +4
 • Perfect +8
     Creatures without a maneuverability rating are assumed to have average maneuverability and take no penalty on Fly checks. These modifiers are already included in the creature’s statblock.

 Melee bite +1 (1d4), 2 wings –4 (1d3)

 STATISTICS 

 Str 10, Dex 15, Con 12, Int 2, Wis 13, Cha 5

 Base Atk +0; CMB –1; CMD 11

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Skill Focus (Perception)

 Skills Fly +4, Perception +8

 ECOLOGY

 Environment temperate lakes or swamps

 Organization solitary, pair, or flock (3–10)

 Treasure none

Nixie

This green-skinned fey has webbed hands and feet. Its hair is the color of seaweed, and is decorated with shells.

Nixies are guardians of ponds, rivers, lakes, and springs. They prefer dwelling in idyllic places, which they protect from the depredations of predators and careless humanoids. While this often involves confusing enemies and driving foes away, nixies are not afraid of spilling blood to protect their homes—though they prefer not to resort to such means unless completely necessary. Nixies are 4 feet tall and rarely weigh more than 45 pounds. Nixies avoid combat if possible, using charm person to lead humanoids away from their lairs. They sometimes use this ability to enslave people to act as protectors or help with a task that is simply too big for them to deal with. They cast water breathing on charmed creatures helping with tasks below the surface. Nixies are reclusive and prefer to keep their presence hidden. They make lairs underwater, forming small communities if their numbers are great enough. Legends speak of a secret nixie kingdom at the bottom of a great lake, but no one has yet confirmed its location.

CR 1 XP 400

 N Small fey (aquatic)

     A Fey is a creature with supernatural abilities and connections to nature or to some other force or place. Fey are usually human-shaped. A fey possesses the following traits (unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry).
   • Proficient with all simple weapons and any weapons mentioned in its entry.
   • Proficient with whatever type of armor (light, medium, or heavy) it is described as wearing, as well as all lighter types. Fey not indicated as wearing armor are not proficient with armor. Fey are proficient with shields if they are proficient with any form of armor.
   • Fey breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +3; Senses low-light vision; Perception +6

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE

 AC 14, touch 14, flat-footed 11 (+3 Dex, +1 size)

 hp 9 (2d6+2)

 Fort +1, Ref +6, Will +4

 DR 5/cold iron; SR 12

     A creature with DR ignores damage from most weapons and natural attacks. Wounds heal immediately, or the weapon bounces off harmlessly (in either case, the opponent knows the attack was ineffective). The creature takes normal damage from energy attacks (even nonmagical ones), spells, spell-like abilities, and supernatural abilities. A certain kind of weapon can sometimes damage the creature normally, as noted below. 
     The entry indicates the amount of damage ignored and the type of weapon that negates the ability. 
     Some monsters are vulnerable to piercing, bludgeoning, or slashing damage. Others are vulnerable to certain materials, such as adamantine, alchemical silver, or cold-forged iron. Attacks from weapons that are not of the correct type or made of the correct material have their damage reduced, although a high enhancement bonus can overcome some forms of damage reduction. 
     Some monsters are vulnerable to magic weapons. Any weapon with at least a +1 magical enhancement bonus on attack and damage rolls overcomes the damage reduction of these monsters. Such creatures’ natural weapons (but not their attacks with weapons) are treated as magic weapons for the purpose of overcoming damage reduction. 
     A few very powerful monsters are vulnerable only to epic weapons—that is, magic weapons with at least a +6 enhancement bonus. Such creatures’ natural weapons are also treated as epic weapons for the purpose of overcoming damage reduction. 
     Some monsters are vulnerable to good-, evil-, chaotically, or lawfully aligned weapons. When a cleric or inquisitor casts align weapon, affected weapons might gain one or more of these properties, and certain magic weapons have these properties as well. A creature with an alignment subtype (chaotic, evil, good, or lawful) can overcome this type of damage reduction with its natural weapons and weapons it wields as if the weapons or natural weapons had an alignment (or alignments) that matched the subtype(s) of the creature. 
     When a damage reduction entry has a — after the slash, no weapon negates the damage reduction. 
     A few creatures are harmed by more than one kind of weapon. A weapon that inflicts damage of either type overcomes this damage reduction. 
     A few other creatures require combinations of different types of attacks to overcome their damage reduction, and a weapon must be both types to overcome this type of damage reduction. A weapon that is only one type is still subject to damage reduction.

     A creature with Spell Resistance has the extraordinary ability to avoid the effects of spells and spell-like abilities that directly affect it. To determine if a spell or spell-like ability works against a creature with spell resistance, the caster must make a caster level check (1d20 + caster level). If the result equals or exceeds the creature’s spell resistance, the spell works normally, although the creature is still allowed a saving throw.

 OFFENSE

 Speed 20 ft., swim 30 ft.

     A creature with a Swim speed can move through water at its indicated speed without making Swim checks. It gains a +8 racial bonus on any Swim check to perform a special action or avoid a hazard. The creature can always choose to take 10 on a Swim check, even if distracted or endangered when swimming. Such a creature can use the run action while swimming, provided that it swims in a straight line.

 Melee short sword +5 (1d4–2/19–20)

 Ranged light crossbow +5 (1d6/19–20)

 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 6th; concentration +10)

     Spell-like abilities are magical and work just like spells (though they are not spells and so have no verbal, somatic, focus, or material components). They go away in an antimagic field and are subject to spell resistance if the spell the ability is based on would be subject to spell resistance.
     A spell-like ability usually has a limit on how often it can be used. A constant spell-like ability or one that can be used at will has no use limit; unless otherwise stated, a creature can only use a constant spell-like ability on itself. Reactivating a constant spell-like ability is a swift action. Using all other spell-like abilities is a standard action unless noted otherwise, and doing so provokes attacks of opportunity. It is possible to make a concentration check to use a spell-like ability defensively and avoid provoking an attack of opportunity, just as when casting a spell. A spell-like ability can be disrupted just as a spell can be. Spell-like abilities cannot be used to counterspell, nor can they be counterspelled.
     For creatures with spell-like abilities, a designated caster level defines how difficult it is to dispel their spell-like effects and to define any level-dependent variables (such as range and duration) the abilities might have. The creature’s caster level never affects which spell-like abilities the creature has; sometimes the given caster level is lower than the level a spellcasting character would need to cast the spell of the same name. If no caster level is specified, the caster level is equal to the creature’s Hit Dice. The saving throw (if any) against a spell-like ability is 10 + the level of the spell the ability resembles or duplicates + the creature’s Charisma modifier.
     Some spell-like abilities duplicate spells that work differently when cast by characters of different classes. A monster’s spell-like abilities are presumed to be the sorcerer/wizard versions. If the spell in question is not a sorcerer/wizard spell, then default to cleric, druid, bard, paladin, and ranger, in that order.

 3/day—charm person (DC 15)

 1/day—water breathing (CL 12th)

 STATISTICS 

 Str 7, Dex 16, Con 13, Int 12, Wis 13, Cha 18

 Base Atk +1; CMB –2; CMD 11

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Weapon Finesse

 Skills Bluff +9, Craft (any one) +5, Escape Artist +8, Handle Animal +6, Perception +6, Perform (sing) +8, Sense Motive +5, Stealth +12, Swim +10

 Languages Aquan, Sylvan

 SQ amphibious, wild empathy +14

     Creatures with the Amphibious special quality have the aquatic subtype, but they can survive indefinitely on land.

 ECOLOGY

 Environment temperate water

 Organization gang (2–4), band (6–11), or tribe (20–80)

 Treasure standard (light crossbow with 20 bolts, short sword, other treasure)

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Wild Empathy (Ex) This ability works like the druid ability of the same name. The nixie’s total includes a +8 racial bonus on wild empathy checks.

Giant Belostomatid

Six powerful legs, each ending in a hooked claw, jut from the shield-like body of this horse-sized insect.

The giant belostomatid is an ambush predator that lurks in shallow water and hides amid floating snags and debris. Smaller versions of these insects are known colloquially as “toebiters,” yet this version of the creature is the size of a horse and can sever the leg of a human in one bite.

CR 3 XP 800 

 N Large vermin (aquatic) 

     Vermin includes insects, arachnids, other arthropods, worms, and similar invertebrates. Vermin have the following traits (unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry). 
   • Mindless: No Intelligence score, and immunity to all mind-affecting effects (charms, compulsions, morale effects, patterns, and phantasms).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only.
   • Proficient with no armor.
   • Vermin breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +1; Senses darkvision 60 ft., tremorsense 60 ft.; Perception +0

     A creature with tremorsense is sensitive to vibrations in the ground and can automatically pinpoint the location of anything that is in contact with the ground. Aquatic creatures with tremorsense can also sense the location of creatures moving through water. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.

     Darkvision is the extraordinary ability to see with no light source at all, out to a range specified. Darkvision is black-and-white only (colors cannot be discerned). It does not allow creatures to see anything that they could not see otherwise—invisible objects are still invisible, and illusions are still visible as what they seem to be. Likewise, darkvision subjects a creature to gaze attacks normally. The presence of light does not spoil darkvision.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 15, touch 10, flat-footed 14 (+1 Dex, +5 natural, –1 size) 

 hp 30 (4d8+12) 

 Fort +7, Ref +2, Will +1

 Immune mind-affecting effects 

     A creature with immunities takes no damage from listed sources. Immunities can also apply to afflictions, conditions, spells (based on school, level, or save type), and other effects. A creature that is immune does not suffer from these effects, or any secondary effects that are triggered due to an immune effect.

 OFFENSE 

 Speed 20 ft., fly 20 ft. (poor), swim 40 ft. 

     A creature with a Fly speed can cease or resume flight as a free action on their turn. Without making a check, a flying creature can remain flying at the end of its turn so long as it moves a distance greater than half its speed. It can also turn up to 45 degrees during its turn by sacrificing 5 feet of movement, can rise at half speed at an angle of 45 degrees (ignoring the penalty for diagonal movement), and can descend at any angle at normal speed. At the beginning of their turn a flying creature can move in a different direction than they did previously without needing a Fly check.
     A creature with a natural fly speed receives a bonus (or penalty) on Fly skill checks depending on its maneuverability:
 • Clumsy –8
 • Poor –4
 • Average +0
 • Good +4
 • Perfect +8
     Creatures without a maneuverability rating are assumed to have average maneuverability and take no penalty on Fly checks. These modifiers are already included in the creature’s statblock.

     A creature with a Swim speed can move through water at its indicated speed without making Swim checks. It gains a +8 racial bonus on any Swim check to perform a special action or avoid a hazard. The creature can always choose to take 10 on a Swim check, even if distracted or endangered when swimming. Such a creature can use the run action while swimming, provided that it swims in a straight line.

 Melee bite +4 (1d6+2 plus digestive enzyme), 2 claws +4 (1d4+2 plus grab) 

 Grab (Ex) If this creature hits with the indicated attack it deals normal damage and attempts to start a grapple as a free action without provoking an attack of opportunity. The creature has the option to conduct the grapple normally, or simply use the part of its body it used in the grab to hold the opponent. If it chooses to do the latter, it takes a –20 penalty on its CMB check to make and maintain the grapple, but does not gain the grappled condition itself. A successful hold does not deal any extra damage unless the creature also has the constrict special attack. If the creature does not constrict, each successful grapple check it makes during successive rounds automatically deals the damage indicated for the attack that established the hold. Otherwise, it deals constriction damage as well (the amount is given in the creature’s descriptive text).
     Creatures with the grab special attack receive a +4 bonus on combat maneuver checks made to start and maintain a grapple.
     Unless otherwise noted, grab can only be used against targets of a size equal to or smaller than the creature with this ability. If the creature can use grab on creatures of other sizes, it is noted in the creature’s Special Attacks line.
     A grappled creature is restrained by a creature, trap, or effect. Grappled creatures cannot move and take a –4 penalty to Dexterity. A grappled creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls and combat maneuver checks, except those made to grapple or escape a grapple. In addition, grappled creatures can take no action that requires two hands to perform. A grappled character who attempts to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability must make a concentration check (DC 10 + grappler’s CMB + spell level), or lose the spell. Grappled creatures cannot make attacks of opportunity.
     A grappled creature cannot use Stealth to hide from the creature grappling it, even if a special ability, such as hide in plain sight, would normally allow it to do so. If a grappled creature becomes invisible, through a spell or other ability, it gains a +2 circumstance bonus on its CMD to avoid being grappled, but receives no other benefit.

 Space 10 ft.; Reach 10 ft. 

 STATISTICS 

 Str 15, Dex 13, Con 16, Int —, Wis 11, Cha 2 

 Base Atk +3; CMB +6 (+10 grapple); CMD 17 (25 vs. trip) 

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Skills Fly –5, Stealth –3 (+5 in water), Swim +10

 Racial Modifiers +8 Stealth in water 

 SQ hold breath 

 Hold Breath (Ex) This creature can hold its breath for a number of minutes equal to 6 times its Constitution score before it risks drowning.

 ECOLOGY 

 Environment temperate lakes, rivers, or swamps 

 Organization solitary 

 Treasure incidental 

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Digestive Enzyme (Ex) A giant belostomatid injects a corrosive enzyme that paralyzes its prey. A creature bitten by this insect must succeed at a DC 15 Fortitude save or be paralyzed for 1d4 rounds. Each round, the creature can attempt a new save; on a failure it is still paralyzed and takes 1d2 points of Constitution damage. The save DC is Constitution-based.

River Drake

With graceful wings and wide fins, this sleek dragon looks equally well equipped to glide through sea and sky.

Preying upon fish and fishermen with equal ease, river drakes are scourges of freshwater expanses. They are thought to be related to black dragons, as evidenced by their acidic spit, water affinity, viciousness, and preference for rotten meat. Like other drakes, river drakes are cruel hunters, using a play-and-prey hunting style. When not hungry, they amuse themselves by stalking and harassing other creatures and travelers. An offering of treasure thrown into the water can distract a river drake, but such a bribe is unlikely to stave off a particularly hungry individual. River drakes often slay more than they can immediately eat because they favor aged meat, keeping underwater larders stuffed with kills in various stages of decay. A river drake is a crafty, careful hunter that uses its watery home to provide concealment from creatures on the shore. If caught unawares while on land, it retreats to the water, or takes to flight if its enemies are prepared for aquatic combat, making constant use of its caustic mucus and great speed. River drakes are much more likely to hunt in groups than most other drakes, threatening river traffic or assaulting lakefront or riverside towns if their numbers are large enough. However, these disorganized raids are quick to retreat from any hint of significant resistance. River drakes are 8 feet long and look much like small sea drakes. An adult river drake weighs about 700 pounds.

CR 3 XP 800

 NE Medium dragon (aquatic, water)

     A Dragon is a reptile-like creature, usually winged, with magical or unusual abilities. A dragon possesses the following traits (unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry).
   • Immunity to magic sleep effects and paralysis effects.
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only unless humanoid in form (or capable of assuming humanoid form), in which case proficient with all simple weapons and any weapons mentioned in its entry.
   • Proficient with no armor.
   • Dragons breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +7; Senses darkvision 60 ft., low-light vision, scent; Perception +7

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     Darkvision is the extraordinary ability to see with no light source at all, out to a range specified. Darkvision is black-and-white only (colors cannot be discerned). It does not allow creatures to see anything that they could not see otherwise—invisible objects are still invisible, and illusions are still visible as what they seem to be. Likewise, darkvision subjects a creature to gaze attacks normally. The presence of light does not spoil darkvision.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE

 AC 16, touch 13, flat-footed 13 (+3 Dex, +3 natural)

 hp 34 (4d12+8)

 Fort +6, Ref +7, Will +4 

 Immune paralysis, sleep; Resist acid 20

     A creature with immunities takes no damage from listed sources. Immunities can also apply to afflictions, conditions, spells (based on school, level, or save type), and other effects. A creature that is immune does not suffer from these effects, or any secondary effects that are triggered due to an immune effect.

     A creature with resistance to energy ignores some damage of a certain type per attack, but it does not have total immunity. Each resistance ability is defined by what energy type it resists and how many points of damage are resisted. It doesn’t matter whether the damage has a mundane or magical source. When resistance completely negates the damage from an energy attack, the attack does not disrupt spellcasting. This resistance does not stack with the resistance that a spell might provide.

 OFFENSE

 Speed 20 ft., fly 60 ft. (average), swim 30 ft.

     A creature with a Fly speed can cease or resume flight as a free action on their turn. Without making a check, a flying creature can remain flying at the end of its turn so long as it moves a distance greater than half its speed. It can also turn up to 45 degrees during its turn by sacrificing 5 feet of movement, can rise at half speed at an angle of 45 degrees (ignoring the penalty for diagonal movement), and can descend at any angle at normal speed. At the beginning of their turn a flying creature can move in a different direction than they did previously without needing a Fly check.
     A creature with a natural fly speed receives a bonus (or penalty) on Fly skill checks depending on its maneuverability:
 • Clumsy –8
 • Poor –4
 • Average +0
 • Good +4
 • Perfect +8
     Creatures without a maneuverability rating are assumed to have average maneuverability and take no penalty on Fly checks. These modifiers are already included in the creature’s statblock.

     A creature with a Swim speed can move through water at its indicated speed without making Swim checks. It gains a +8 racial bonus on any Swim check to perform a special action or avoid a hazard. The creature can always choose to take 10 on a Swim check, even if distracted or endangered when swimming. Such a creature can use the run action while swimming, provided that it swims in a straight line.

 Melee bite +7 (2d4+3), tail slap +2 (1d4+1)

 Special Attacks caustic mucus, pounce

 Pounce (Ex) When this creature makes a charge, it can make a full attack with any weapons it has (including rake attacks if the creature also has the rake ability). It maintains this ability even when subject to the slow spell, and the full attack on a pounce still receives the extra attack from haste.

 STATISTICS 

 Str 17, Dex 16, Con 15, Int 8, Wis 10, Cha 9

 Base Atk +4; CMB +7; CMD 20

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Improved Initiative, Power Attack

 Skills Fly +10, Intimidate +6, Perception +7, Stealth +10, Survival +7, Swim +11

 Languages Draconic

 SQ amphibious, speed surge

     Creatures with the Amphibious special quality have the aquatic subtype, but they can survive indefinitely on land.

 ECOLOGY

 Environment temperate rivers or lakes

 Organization solitary, pair, or rampage (3–12)

 Treasure standard

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Caustic Mucus (Su) As a standard action, a river drake can spit a ball of caustic mucus that explodes in a 5-foot-radius spread. This attack has a range of 50 feet, deals 2d8 points of acid damage, and entangles creatures in the area. A DC 14 Reflex save halves the damage and negates the entangle effect. An entangled creature takes 1d4 points of acid damage each round on its turn, and may attempt a new saving throw at the end of its turn every round to escape the entanglement and end the acid damage. Once a river drake spits mucus, it cannot do so again for 1d6 rounds. The save DC is Constitution-based.

 Speed Surge (Ex) Three times per day as a swift action, a river drake can draw on its draconic heritage for a boost of strength and speed that allows it to take an additional move action that round.

Fossegrim

This striking, blue-eyed man with luminous skin and flowing white hair holds an ethereal harp.

Pale and possessing unnatural beauty, fossegrims are wicked fey who haunt idyllic waterfalls, where they lure the unsuspecting near with song and the promise of treasure, only to drown them. Well built and elf like in appearance, fossegrims are gifted musicians, and their lairs often echo with the sound of bewitching music. They are never without their enchanting instruments.

CR 4 XP 1,200

 NE Medium fey (aquatic)

     A Fey is a creature with supernatural abilities and connections to nature or to some other force or place. Fey are usually human-shaped. A fey possesses the following traits (unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry).
   • Proficient with all simple weapons and any weapons mentioned in its entry.
   • Proficient with whatever type of armor (light, medium, or heavy) it is described as wearing, as well as all lighter types. Fey not indicated as wearing armor are not proficient with armor. Fey are proficient with shields if they are proficient with any form of armor.
   • Fey breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +7; Senses low-light vision; Perception +16

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE

 AC 18, touch 14, flat-footed 14 (+3 Dex, +1 dodge, +4 natural)

 hp 41 (9d6+19)

 Fort +5, Ref +9, Will +8

 DR 5/cold iron

     A creature with DR ignores damage from most weapons and natural attacks. Wounds heal immediately, or the weapon bounces off harmlessly (in either case, the opponent knows the attack was ineffective). The creature takes normal damage from energy attacks (even nonmagical ones), spells, spell-like abilities, and supernatural abilities. A certain kind of weapon can sometimes damage the creature normally, as noted below. 
     The entry indicates the amount of damage ignored and the type of weapon that negates the ability. 
     Some monsters are vulnerable to piercing, bludgeoning, or slashing damage. Others are vulnerable to certain materials, such as adamantine, alchemical silver, or cold-forged iron. Attacks from weapons that are not of the correct type or made of the correct material have their damage reduced, although a high enhancement bonus can overcome some forms of damage reduction. 
     Some monsters are vulnerable to magic weapons. Any weapon with at least a +1 magical enhancement bonus on attack and damage rolls overcomes the damage reduction of these monsters. Such creatures’ natural weapons (but not their attacks with weapons) are treated as magic weapons for the purpose of overcoming damage reduction. 
     A few very powerful monsters are vulnerable only to epic weapons—that is, magic weapons with at least a +6 enhancement bonus. Such creatures’ natural weapons are also treated as epic weapons for the purpose of overcoming damage reduction. 
     Some monsters are vulnerable to good-, evil-, chaotically, or lawfully aligned weapons. When a cleric or inquisitor casts align weapon, affected weapons might gain one or more of these properties, and certain magic weapons have these properties as well. A creature with an alignment subtype (chaotic, evil, good, or lawful) can overcome this type of damage reduction with its natural weapons and weapons it wields as if the weapons or natural weapons had an alignment (or alignments) that matched the subtype(s) of the creature. 
     When a damage reduction entry has a — after the slash, no weapon negates the damage reduction. 
     A few creatures are harmed by more than one kind of weapon. A weapon that inflicts damage of either type overcomes this damage reduction. 
     A few other creatures require combinations of different types of attacks to overcome their damage reduction, and a weapon must be both types to overcome this type of damage reduction. A weapon that is only one type is still subject to damage reduction.

 OFFENSE

 Speed 30 ft., swim 40 ft.; water walk

     A creature with a Swim speed can move through water at its indicated speed without making Swim checks. It gains a +8 racial bonus on any Swim check to perform a special action or avoid a hazard. The creature can always choose to take 10 on a Swim check, even if distracted or endangered when swimming. Such a creature can use the run action while swimming, provided that it swims in a straight line.
2 slams +8 (2d6)
 Melee 

 Special Attacks drowning touch (DC 14), enchanting music (DC 19)

 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 9th; concentration +14)

     Spell-like abilities are magical and work just like spells (though they are not spells and so have no verbal, somatic, focus, or material components). They go away in an antimagic field and are subject to spell resistance if the spell the ability is based on would be subject to spell resistance.
     A spell-like ability usually has a limit on how often it can be used. A constant spell-like ability or one that can be used at will has no use limit; unless otherwise stated, a creature can only use a constant spell-like ability on itself. Reactivating a constant spell-like ability is a swift action. Using all other spell-like abilities is a standard action unless noted otherwise, and doing so provokes attacks of opportunity. It is possible to make a concentration check to use a spell-like ability defensively and avoid provoking an attack of opportunity, just as when casting a spell. A spell-like ability can be disrupted just as a spell can be. Spell-like abilities cannot be used to counterspell, nor can they be counterspelled.
     For creatures with spell-like abilities, a designated caster level defines how difficult it is to dispel their spell-like effects and to define any level-dependent variables (such as range and duration) the abilities might have. The creature’s caster level never affects which spell-like abilities the creature has; sometimes the given caster level is lower than the level a spellcasting character would need to cast the spell of the same name. If no caster level is specified, the caster level is equal to the creature’s Hit Dice. The saving throw (if any) against a spell-like ability is 10 + the level of the spell the ability resembles or duplicates + the creature’s Charisma modifier.
     Some spell-like abilities duplicate spells that work differently when cast by characters of different classes. A monster’s spell-like abilities are presumed to be the sorcerer/wizard versions. If the spell in question is not a sorcerer/wizard spell, then default to cleric, druid, bard, paladin, and ranger, in that order.

 Constant—water walk

 3/day—hydraulic torrent

 STATISTICS 

 Str 10, Dex 17, Con 15, Int 12, Wis 14, Cha 21

 Base Atk +4; CMB +4; CMD 17

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Alertness, Dodge, Improved Initiative, Weapon Finesse, Weapon Focus (slam)

 Skills Bluff +17, Diplomacy +9, Knowledge (geography) +6, Knowledge (nature) +10, Perception +16, Perform (sing) +10, Perform (string) +21, Sense Motive +16, Sleight of Hand +10, Stealth +15, Swim +18

 Racial Modifiers +4 Perform (string), +4 Swim

 Languages Common, Sylvan

 SQ amphibious, transparency, treasure form

     Creatures with the Amphibious special quality have the aquatic subtype, but they can survive indefinitely on land.

 ECOLOGY

 Environment cold or temperate water (waterfalls)

 Organization solitary

 Treasure standard (mwk harp or violin, other treasure)

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Drowning Touch (Su) A fossegrim can flood the lungs of a creature that is willing, is helpless, is affected by its enchanted music ability, touches it while it’s in treasure form, or is touched by it (traditionally by kissing the creature on the lips). If the target cannot breathe water, it cannot hold its breath and immediately begins to drown slowly. On its turn, the target can attempt a DC 16 Fortitude save to cough up this water; if it fails, it falls unconscious at 0 hp. On the next round, a fallen target must attempt another DC 16 Fortitude save, dropping to –1 hit points and dying if it fails; on the next round it must attempt to save again or lose 1d6 hit points. On the first successful save, the water clears from the target’s lungs and the target stabilizes. The save DC is Constitution-based. 
     A character who has no air to breathe can hold her breath for 2 rounds per point of Constitution. If a character takes a standard or full-round action, the remaining duration that the character can hold her breath is reduced by 1 round. After this period of time, the character must make a DC 10 Constitution check in order to continue holding her breath. The check must be repeated each round, with the DC increasing by +1 for each previous success. When the character fails one of these Constitution checks, she begins to suffocate. In the first round, she falls unconscious (0 hit points). In the following round, she drops to –1 hit points and is dying. In the third round, she suffocates and dies.
     Unconscious creatures are knocked out and helpless. Unconsciousness can result from having negative hit points (but not more than the creature’s Constitution score), or from nonlethal damage in excess of current hit points.
     A helpless character is paralyzed, held, bound, sleeping, unconscious, or otherwise completely at an opponent’s mercy. A helpless target is treated as having a Dexterity of 0 (–5 modifier). Melee attacks against a helpless target get a +4 bonus (equivalent to attacking a prone target). Ranged attacks get no special bonus against helpless targets. Rogues can sneak attack helpless targets.
     As a full-round action, an enemy can use a melee weapon to deliver a coup de grace to a helpless foe. An enemy can also use a bow or crossbow, provided he is adjacent to the target. The attacker automatically hits and scores a critical hit. (A rogue also gets his sneak attack damage bonus against a helpless foe when delivering a coup de grace.) If the defender survives, he must make a Fortitude save (DC 10 + damage dealt) or die. Delivering a coup de grace provokes attacks of opportunity.
     Creatures that are immune to critical hits do not take critical damage, nor do they need to make Fortitude saves to avoid being killed by a coup de grace.

 Enchanting Music (Su) As a full-round action, a fossegrim can play a musical stringed instrument (usually a harp or violin) and target a single creature within 45 feet that can hear and see the fossegrim with an effect identical to the unnatural lust spell (CL 9th; Will DC 19). This action provokes an attack of opportunity. If the target touches or kisses the fossegrim, the fey can affect the target with its drowning touch ability. This is a sonic mind-affecting compulsion effect. The save DC is Charisma-based. 

 Transparency (Su) When underwater, a fossegrim’s body becomes transparent, effectively rendering it invisible. It can become visible or transparent at will as a free action.

 Treasure Form (Su) As a standard action when completely underwater, a fossegrim can create an illusion causing it to resemble a Medium pile of gold and silver coins, glittering jewels, and valuable art objects. If a fossegrim speaks, moves, attacks, or uses any of its special abilities or spell-like abilities while in treasure form, the illusion dissipates. A successful DC 19 Will save is required to disbelieve this illusion. If a living creature within the fossegrim’s melee reach touches or physically interacts with the illusion, the fossegrim reaches out to kiss or otherwise touch that creature, automatically affecting the creature with its drowning touch ability. The fossegrim can maintain this illusion indefinitely and can revert to its normal natural form as a free action. This is a mind-affecting illusion (glamer) effect. The save DC to disbelieve is Charisma-based.

Cuero

The pink, fleshy underside of this flat, aquatic creature features a large circular maw of fangs.

Farmers who graze their cattle near slow-moving rivers or placid lakes warn their neighbors when rumors of a cuero pass from village to village. These strange, flat creatures haunt waterways in search of large prey to satisfy their voracious appetites. When more passive, cueros lie in wait at the bottom of a lake or river for suitable prey to swim overhead. In lean times, cueros sit just beneath the water’s surface near the shore and stay perfectly still until an animal comes near to drink. They sometimes even bury themselves in the muddy banks of a river to surprise passersby. When prey gets within reach of a cuero, it strikes from camouf lage. It wraps its prey up in its leathery hide and begins draining its victim’s blood. After feeding, the cuero discards the drained husk on the riverbank or drags it into the water to float downriver. Cueros prefer the ease of catching Small and Medium mammals, but they seem to have a special taste for Medium and Large ungulates. When their preferred prey is unavailable, cueros act as bottom feeders, sifting through the lake bed or river bottom in search of crabs, clams, and slow moving fish. Following this behavior, cueros can strip fishing areas of fauna, an act that enrages local anglers. Most cueros prowl muddy waterways alone, capitalizing on choice hunting grounds, but some cueros form small families and dig out dens in lakebeds and beneath riverbanks. These crude structures often house only a handful of these creatures. When a den reaches capacity, one or two cueros set off to form their own group instead of expanding the current den. Cueros typically keep to small family groups, but when the full moon occurs on an equinox or a solstice, these creatures crowd the bodies of water they call home. These congregations are unsettling to witness, as the creatures thrash about in the water and emit droning moans punctuated with the chittering of their rasping teeth. Many scholars believe these gatherings to be mass breeding events, and those able to speak to cueros find that the creatures believe that the strongest of their kind are conceived during these times. Cueros aren’t very intelligent, but they can speak and understand Aklo. Their normal lines of conversation are often confusing, as the creatures tend to ramble on when speaking about topics such as food, water conditions, and the phases of the moon. A cuero’s flat, rounded body spans 10 feet, and the beast weighs close to 1,000 pounds.

CR 5 XP 1,600 

 N Large aberration (aquatic) 

     An Aberration has a bizarre anatomy, strange abilities, an alien mindset, or any combination of the three. They possess the following traits:
   • Proficient with its natural weapons. If generally humanoid in form, proficient with all simple weapons and any weapon it is described as using.
   • Proficient with whatever type of armor (light, medium, or heavy) it is described as wearing, as well as all lighter types. Aberrations not indicated as wearing armor are not proficient with armor. Aberrations are proficient with shields if they are proficient with any form of armor.
   • Aberrations breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +6; Senses blindsense 30 ft., darkvision 60 ft.; Perception +12

     Using extraordinary nonvisual senses, such as acute smell or hearing, a creature with blindsense notices things it cannot see. The creature usually does not need to make Perception checks to pinpoint the location of a creature within range of its blindsense ability, provided that it has line of effect to that creature. Any opponent the creature cannot see still has total concealment against the creature with blindsense, and the creature still has the normal miss chance when attacking foes that have concealment. Visibility still affects the movement of a creature with blindsense. A creature with blindsense is still denied its Dexterity bonus to Armor Class against attacks from creatures it cannot see.

     Darkvision is the extraordinary ability to see with no light source at all, out to a range specified. Darkvision is black-and-white only (colors cannot be discerned). It does not allow creatures to see anything that they could not see otherwise—invisible objects are still invisible, and illusions are still visible as what they seem to be. Likewise, darkvision subjects a creature to gaze attacks normally. The presence of light does not spoil darkvision.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 19, touch 11, flat-footed 17 (+2 Dex, +8 natural, –1 size) 

 hp 59 (7d8+28) 

 Fort +6, Ref +4, Will +7 

 OFFENSE 

 Speed 10 ft., swim 40 ft. 

     A creature with a Swim speed can move through water at its indicated speed without making Swim checks. It gains a +8 racial bonus on any Swim check to perform a special action or avoid a hazard. The creature can always choose to take 10 on a Swim check, even if distracted or endangered when swimming. Such a creature can use the run action while swimming, provided that it swims in a straight line.

 Melee slam +10 (1d6+9 plus grab) 

 Grab (Ex) If this creature hits with the indicated attack it deals normal damage and attempts to start a grapple as a free action without provoking an attack of opportunity. The creature has the option to conduct the grapple normally, or simply use the part of its body it used in the grab to hold the opponent. If it chooses to do the latter, it takes a –20 penalty on its CMB check to make and maintain the grapple, but does not gain the grappled condition itself. A successful hold does not deal any extra damage unless the creature also has the constrict special attack. If the creature does not constrict, each successful grapple check it makes during successive rounds automatically deals the damage indicated for the attack that established the hold. Otherwise, it deals constriction damage as well (the amount is given in the creature’s descriptive text).
     Creatures with the grab special attack receive a +4 bonus on combat maneuver checks made to start and maintain a grapple.
     Unless otherwise noted, grab can only be used against targets of a size equal to or smaller than the creature with this ability. If the creature can use grab on creatures of other sizes, it is noted in the creature’s Special Attacks line.
     A grappled creature is restrained by a creature, trap, or effect. Grappled creatures cannot move and take a –4 penalty to Dexterity. A grappled creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls and combat maneuver checks, except those made to grapple or escape a grapple. In addition, grappled creatures can take no action that requires two hands to perform. A grappled character who attempts to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability must make a concentration check (DC 10 + grappler’s CMB + spell level), or lose the spell. Grappled creatures cannot make attacks of opportunity.
     A grappled creature cannot use Stealth to hide from the creature grappling it, even if a special ability, such as hide in plain sight, would normally allow it to do so. If a grappled creature becomes invisible, through a spell or other ability, it gains a +2 circumstance bonus on its CMD to avoid being grappled, but receives no other benefit.

 Space 10 ft.; Reach 5 ft. 

 Special Attacks blood drain (1d2 Constitution), constrict (1d6+9), muddy cloud 

 Blood Drain (Ex) This creature possesses the extraordinary ability to drain blood at the end of its turn if grappling a foe, inflicting Constitution damage.

 Constrict (Ex) This creature deals bludgeoning damage by crushing its opponent whenever it makes a successful grapple check (including the initial check to establish the grapple). It still receives any other benefits of a successful check, including dealing additional damage. The amount of damage is given in the creature’s entry and is typically equal to the amount of damage caused by the creature’s melee attack. This is an extraordinary ability.
     A grappled creature is restrained by a creature, trap, or effect. Grappled creatures cannot move and take a –4 penalty to Dexterity. A grappled creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls and combat maneuver checks, except those made to grapple or escape a grapple. In addition, grappled creatures can take no action that requires two hands to perform. A grappled character who attempts to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability must make a concentration check (DC 10 + grappler’s CMB + spell level), or lose the spell. Grappled creatures cannot make attacks of opportunity.
     A grappled creature cannot use Stealth to hide from the creature grappling it, even if a special ability, such as hide in plain sight, would normally allow it to do so. If a grappled creature becomes invisible, through a spell or other ability, it gains a +2 circumstance bonus on its CMD to avoid being grappled, but receives no other benefit.

 STATISTICS 

 Str 22, Dex 15, Con 18, Int 6, Wis 15, Cha 9 

 Base Atk +5; CMB +12 (+16 grapple); CMD 24 

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Blind-Fight, Combat Reflexes, Improved Initiative, Skill Focus (Stealth) 

 Skills Perception +12, Stealth +11 (+21 in mud or muddy water), Swim +14

 Racial Modifiers +10 Stealth in mud or muddy water 

 Languages Aklo 

 SQ amphibious, compression 

     Creatures with the Amphibious special quality have the aquatic subtype, but they can survive indefinitely on land.

 Compression (Ex) This creature can move through an area as small as one-quarter its space without squeezing or one-eighth its space when squeezing.

 ECOLOGY 

 Environment temperate lakes or rivers 

 Organization solitary, pair, or pack (3–5) 

 Treasure none 

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Muddy Cloud (Ex) A cuero can flap about in the water within 10 feet of a riverbed or lake bed and stir up mud, pebbles, sand, silt, and other debris. This creates a hemispherical cloud in the nearby water with a radius of 30 feet (or to the edge of the water, whichever is closer). The cloud obscures all vision, including darkvision, beyond 5 feet. Creatures 5 feet away have concealment, while those farther away have total concealment. In non-flowing water, the muddy cloud dissipates in 2d6 rounds. In flowing water, the duration is reduced by 1 round for every 10 feet per round the water flows beyond 20 feet.

Giant Hellgrammite

This long, insectile creature has massive mandibles and dozens of segmented legs extend from its sides.

While these giant insects have a reputation for being highly ferocious predators, they are actually just the larval form of large but mostly harmless dragonfly-like insects.

CR 5 XP 1,600 

 N Large vermin (aquatic) 

     Vermin includes insects, arachnids, other arthropods, worms, and similar invertebrates. Vermin have the following traits (unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry). 
   • Mindless: No Intelligence score, and immunity to all mind-affecting effects (charms, compulsions, morale effects, patterns, and phantasms).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only.
   • Proficient with no armor.
   • Vermin breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +2; Senses darkvision 60 ft.; Perception +3

     Darkvision is the extraordinary ability to see with no light source at all, out to a range specified. Darkvision is black-and-white only (colors cannot be discerned). It does not allow creatures to see anything that they could not see otherwise—invisible objects are still invisible, and illusions are still visible as what they seem to be. Likewise, darkvision subjects a creature to gaze attacks normally. The presence of light does not spoil darkvision.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 18, touch 11, flat-footed 16 (+2 Dex, +7 natural, –1 size) 

 hp 52 (7d8+21) 

 Fort +8, Ref +4, Will +1

 Immune mind-affecting effects 

     A creature with immunities takes no damage from listed sources. Immunities can also apply to afflictions, conditions, spells (based on school, level, or save type), and other effects. A creature that is immune does not suffer from these effects, or any secondary effects that are triggered due to an immune effect.

 OFFENSE 

 Speed 30 ft., swim 20 ft. 

     A creature with a Swim speed can move through water at its indicated speed without making Swim checks. It gains a +8 racial bonus on any Swim check to perform a special action or avoid a hazard. The creature can always choose to take 10 on a Swim check, even if distracted or endangered when swimming. Such a creature can use the run action while swimming, provided that it swims in a straight line.

 Melee bite +8 (2d6+4 plus grab), tail slap +3 (1d8+2) 

 Grab (Ex) If this creature hits with the indicated attack it deals normal damage and attempts to start a grapple as a free action without provoking an attack of opportunity. The creature has the option to conduct the grapple normally, or simply use the part of its body it used in the grab to hold the opponent. If it chooses to do the latter, it takes a –20 penalty on its CMB check to make and maintain the grapple, but does not gain the grappled condition itself. A successful hold does not deal any extra damage unless the creature also has the constrict special attack. If the creature does not constrict, each successful grapple check it makes during successive rounds automatically deals the damage indicated for the attack that established the hold. Otherwise, it deals constriction damage as well (the amount is given in the creature’s descriptive text).
     Creatures with the grab special attack receive a +4 bonus on combat maneuver checks made to start and maintain a grapple.
     Unless otherwise noted, grab can only be used against targets of a size equal to or smaller than the creature with this ability. If the creature can use grab on creatures of other sizes, it is noted in the creature’s Special Attacks line.
     A grappled creature is restrained by a creature, trap, or effect. Grappled creatures cannot move and take a –4 penalty to Dexterity. A grappled creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls and combat maneuver checks, except those made to grapple or escape a grapple. In addition, grappled creatures can take no action that requires two hands to perform. A grappled character who attempts to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability must make a concentration check (DC 10 + grappler’s CMB + spell level), or lose the spell. Grappled creatures cannot make attacks of opportunity.
     A grappled creature cannot use Stealth to hide from the creature grappling it, even if a special ability, such as hide in plain sight, would normally allow it to do so. If a grappled creature becomes invisible, through a spell or other ability, it gains a +2 circumstance bonus on its CMD to avoid being grappled, but receives no other benefit.

 Space 10 ft.; Reach 5 ft. 

 Special Attacks death grip, constrict (2d6+4) 

 Constrict (Ex) This creature deals bludgeoning damage by crushing its opponent whenever it makes a successful grapple check (including the initial check to establish the grapple). It still receives any other benefits of a successful check, including dealing additional damage. The amount of damage is given in the creature’s entry and is typically equal to the amount of damage caused by the creature’s melee attack. This is an extraordinary ability.
     A grappled creature is restrained by a creature, trap, or effect. Grappled creatures cannot move and take a –4 penalty to Dexterity. A grappled creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls and combat maneuver checks, except those made to grapple or escape a grapple. In addition, grappled creatures can take no action that requires two hands to perform. A grappled character who attempts to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability must make a concentration check (DC 10 + grappler’s CMB + spell level), or lose the spell. Grappled creatures cannot make attacks of opportunity.
     A grappled creature cannot use Stealth to hide from the creature grappling it, even if a special ability, such as hide in plain sight, would normally allow it to do so. If a grappled creature becomes invisible, through a spell or other ability, it gains a +2 circumstance bonus on its CMD to avoid being grappled, but receives no other benefit.

 STATISTICS 

 Str 19, Dex 15, Con 16, Int —, Wis 9, Cha 2 

 Base Atk +5; CMB +10 (+14 grapple); CMD 22 (can’t be tripped) 

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Skills Perception +3 (+7 in water), Stealth –2 (+6 in water), Swim +12

 Racial Modifiers +4 Perception (+8 in water), +8 Stealth in water 

 SQ amphibious 

     Creatures with the Amphibious special quality have the aquatic subtype, but they can survive indefinitely on land.

 ECOLOGY 

 Environment temperate rivers 

 Organization solitary or pair 

 Treasure incidental 

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Death Grip (Ex) A creature that is grappled by a giant hellgrammite continues to be grappled when the giant hellgrammite is killed and takes 1d6+4 points of damage each round at the start of its turn unless it succeeds at a DC 22 Escape Artist check or a DC 20 Strength check, or until the hellgrammite’s corpse takes an additional 10 points of damage.

Gowrow

This reptilian beast has a pair of long tusks jutting from its oversized jaws. Its long, draconic tail ends in a razor-sharp blade.

These violent, reptilian creatures are a lesser form of dragon that plague the rivers and lakes in which they live. They find most creatures that ply the waterways they claim distasteful, and these beasts frequently attack fishers and others who travel in small boats through their territory. Unless they are particularly hungry or irritated, gowrows typically leave larger vessels alone. A gowrow stretches over 16 feet in length and weighs nearly 2 tons. Gowrows are devastating to local settlements. They are violent killers that slaughter livestock and threaten those who work the land far from civilization. When ranchers notice missing cattle, goats, or sheep along with other evidence of a gowrow, they often call upon the authorities or adventurers to get involved. Woodsy folk who have come across gowrow lairs describe them as caves littered with bones from dozens of different creatures, both livestock to humanoid. Some communities face raids by a gowrow year after year, but due to gowrows’ periodic hibernation, the creature might vanish, only to threaten later generations of people near its lair.

CR 5 XP 1,600 

 N Large dragon (aquatic) 

     A Dragon is a reptile-like creature, usually winged, with magical or unusual abilities. A dragon possesses the following traits (unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry).
   • Immunity to magic sleep effects and paralysis effects.
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only unless humanoid in form (or capable of assuming humanoid form), in which case proficient with all simple weapons and any weapons mentioned in its entry.
   • Proficient with no armor.
   • Dragons breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +7; Senses darkvision 60 ft., low-light vision; Perception +12

     Darkvision is the extraordinary ability to see with no light source at all, out to a range specified. Darkvision is black-and-white only (colors cannot be discerned). It does not allow creatures to see anything that they could not see otherwise—invisible objects are still invisible, and illusions are still visible as what they seem to be. Likewise, darkvision subjects a creature to gaze attacks normally. The presence of light does not spoil darkvision.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 18, touch 12, flat-footed 15 (+3 Dex, +6 natural, –1 size) 

 hp 59 (7d12+14) 

 Fort +7, Ref +8, Will +9

 Immune paralysis, sleep, sonic 

     A creature with immunities takes no damage from listed sources. Immunities can also apply to afflictions, conditions, spells (based on school, level, or save type), and other effects. A creature that is immune does not suffer from these effects, or any secondary effects that are triggered due to an immune effect.

 OFFENSE 

 Speed 30 ft., fly 30 ft. (clumsy), swim 30 ft. 

     A creature with a Fly speed can cease or resume flight as a free action on their turn. Without making a check, a flying creature can remain flying at the end of its turn so long as it moves a distance greater than half its speed. It can also turn up to 45 degrees during its turn by sacrificing 5 feet of movement, can rise at half speed at an angle of 45 degrees (ignoring the penalty for diagonal movement), and can descend at any angle at normal speed. At the beginning of their turn a flying creature can move in a different direction than they did previously without needing a Fly check.
     A creature with a natural fly speed receives a bonus (or penalty) on Fly skill checks depending on its maneuverability:
 • Clumsy –8
 • Poor –4
 • Average +0
 • Good +4
 • Perfect +8
     Creatures without a maneuverability rating are assumed to have average maneuverability and take no penalty on Fly checks. These modifiers are already included in the creature’s statblock.

     A creature with a Swim speed can move through water at its indicated speed without making Swim checks. It gains a +8 racial bonus on any Swim check to perform a special action or avoid a hazard. The creature can always choose to take 10 on a Swim check, even if distracted or endangered when swimming. Such a creature can use the run action while swimming, provided that it swims in a straight line.

 Melee bite +10 (2d6+4), tail +10 (1d8+4/19–20) 

 Space 10 ft.; Reach 10 ft. 

 Special Attacks aquatic combatant, breath weapon (30-ft. cone, 6d6 sonic damage, Reflex DC 15 half, usable every 1d4 rounds), swim-by attack 

 Breath Weapon (Su) This creature has the ability to exhale a cone, line, or cloud of energy or other magical effect. A breath weapon attack usually deals damage and is often based on some type of energy. Breath weapons allow a Reflex save for half damage (DC 10 + 1/2 breathing creature’s racial HD + Con modifier; the exact DC is given in the creature’s descriptive text). A creature is immune to its own breath weapon unless otherwise noted. Some breath weapons allow a Fortitude save or a Will save instead of a Reflex save. Each breath weapon also includes notes on how often it can be used, even if this number is limited in times per day.

 STATISTICS 

 Str 18, Dex 16, Con 15, Int 9, Wis 14, Cha 11 

 Base Atk +7; CMB +12; CMD 25 (29 vs. trip) 

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Combat Reflexes, Improved Initiative, Iron Will, Power Attack 

 Skills Fly +3, Intimidate +10, Perception +12, Survival +12, Swim +22 

 Languages Draconic 

 SQ amphibious, hibernate 

     Creatures with the Amphibious special quality have the aquatic subtype, but they can survive indefinitely on land.

 ECOLOGY 

 Environment temperate lakes or rivers 

 Organization solitary 

 Treasure standard 

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Aquatic Combatant (Ex) A gowrow’s natural weapons and fighting style are adapted to its aquatic nature. Its bite and tail attacks are primary natural attacks that deal piercing damage, but above water, it can deal bludgeoning, piercing, and slashing damage with its bite and piercing and slashing damage with its tail.

 Hibernate (Ex) A gowrow can dig a burrow into wet ground and hibernate for up to a decade before needing to emerge and feed.

 Swim-By Attack (Ex) Known for water ambushes, gowrows gain Spring Attack as a bonus feat when swimming.

Bagiennik

This small, lizard-like creature has a humanoid upper body and a long tail with frilled extensions.

Bagienniks are small, amphibious fey that hide in tall reeds along rivers. They frequently dig into the silt beneath the pools of hot springs, where they take long naps in the warm and comforting waters and play pranks on foolish bathers who swim too close to the bagienniks’ hiding spots. Despite their capricious nature, the creatures are sought for their healing abilities. They delight in curing maladies and burning away infirmities with their caustic nasal spray. A local bagiennik is considered a boon in many river towns. Citizens of such settlements often venture to the rivers with offerings, hoping to encourage the fey to stay close and heal their families. A bagiennik that finds a generous town might invite its extended family to settle in, testing the patience and largesse of its hosts.

CR 6 XP 2,400 

 CN Small fey (aquatic) 

     A Fey is a creature with supernatural abilities and connections to nature or to some other force or place. Fey are usually human-shaped. A fey possesses the following traits (unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry).
   • Proficient with all simple weapons and any weapons mentioned in its entry.
   • Proficient with whatever type of armor (light, medium, or heavy) it is described as wearing, as well as all lighter types. Fey not indicated as wearing armor are not proficient with armor. Fey are proficient with shields if they are proficient with any form of armor.
   • Fey breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +2; Senses disease scent; Perception +19

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 17, touch 13, flat-footed 15 (+2 Dex, +4 natural, +1 size) 

 hp 66 (12d6+24) 

 Fort +5, Ref +10, Will +8 

 DR 5/cold iron; Resist acid 5, fire 5 

     A creature with DR ignores damage from most weapons and natural attacks. Wounds heal immediately, or the weapon bounces off harmlessly (in either case, the opponent knows the attack was ineffective). The creature takes normal damage from energy attacks (even nonmagical ones), spells, spell-like abilities, and supernatural abilities. A certain kind of weapon can sometimes damage the creature normally, as noted below. 
     The entry indicates the amount of damage ignored and the type of weapon that negates the ability. 
     Some monsters are vulnerable to piercing, bludgeoning, or slashing damage. Others are vulnerable to certain materials, such as adamantine, alchemical silver, or cold-forged iron. Attacks from weapons that are not of the correct type or made of the correct material have their damage reduced, although a high enhancement bonus can overcome some forms of damage reduction. 
     Some monsters are vulnerable to magic weapons. Any weapon with at least a +1 magical enhancement bonus on attack and damage rolls overcomes the damage reduction of these monsters. Such creatures’ natural weapons (but not their attacks with weapons) are treated as magic weapons for the purpose of overcoming damage reduction. 
     A few very powerful monsters are vulnerable only to epic weapons—that is, magic weapons with at least a +6 enhancement bonus. Such creatures’ natural weapons are also treated as epic weapons for the purpose of overcoming damage reduction. 
     Some monsters are vulnerable to good-, evil-, chaotically, or lawfully aligned weapons. When a cleric or inquisitor casts align weapon, affected weapons might gain one or more of these properties, and certain magic weapons have these properties as well. A creature with an alignment subtype (chaotic, evil, good, or lawful) can overcome this type of damage reduction with its natural weapons and weapons it wields as if the weapons or natural weapons had an alignment (or alignments) that matched the subtype(s) of the creature. 
     When a damage reduction entry has a — after the slash, no weapon negates the damage reduction. 
     A few creatures are harmed by more than one kind of weapon. A weapon that inflicts damage of either type overcomes this damage reduction. 
     A few other creatures require combinations of different types of attacks to overcome their damage reduction, and a weapon must be both types to overcome this type of damage reduction. A weapon that is only one type is still subject to damage reduction.

     A creature with resistance to energy ignores some damage of a certain type per attack, but it does not have total immunity. Each resistance ability is defined by what energy type it resists and how many points of damage are resisted. It doesn’t matter whether the damage has a mundane or magical source. When resistance completely negates the damage from an energy attack, the attack does not disrupt spellcasting. This resistance does not stack with the resistance that a spell might provide.

 OFFENSE 

 Speed 30 ft., swim 40 ft. 

     A creature with a Swim speed can move through water at its indicated speed without making Swim checks. It gains a +8 racial bonus on any Swim check to perform a special action or avoid a hazard. The creature can always choose to take 10 on a Swim check, even if distracted or endangered when swimming. Such a creature can use the run action while swimming, provided that it swims in a straight line.

 Melee 2 claws +9 (1d4–1) 

 Ranged nasal spray +10 touch (3d6 fire, 3d6 acid, and nasal burn) 

 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 7th; concentration +10) 

     Spell-like abilities are magical and work just like spells (though they are not spells and so have no verbal, somatic, focus, or material components). They go away in an antimagic field and are subject to spell resistance if the spell the ability is based on would be subject to spell resistance.
     A spell-like ability usually has a limit on how often it can be used. A constant spell-like ability or one that can be used at will has no use limit; unless otherwise stated, a creature can only use a constant spell-like ability on itself. Reactivating a constant spell-like ability is a swift action. Using all other spell-like abilities is a standard action unless noted otherwise, and doing so provokes attacks of opportunity. It is possible to make a concentration check to use a spell-like ability defensively and avoid provoking an attack of opportunity, just as when casting a spell. A spell-like ability can be disrupted just as a spell can be. Spell-like abilities cannot be used to counterspell, nor can they be counterspelled.
     For creatures with spell-like abilities, a designated caster level defines how difficult it is to dispel their spell-like effects and to define any level-dependent variables (such as range and duration) the abilities might have. The creature’s caster level never affects which spell-like abilities the creature has; sometimes the given caster level is lower than the level a spellcasting character would need to cast the spell of the same name. If no caster level is specified, the caster level is equal to the creature’s Hit Dice. The saving throw (if any) against a spell-like ability is 10 + the level of the spell the ability resembles or duplicates + the creature’s Charisma modifier.
     Some spell-like abilities duplicate spells that work differently when cast by characters of different classes. A monster’s spell-like abilities are presumed to be the sorcerer/wizard versions. If the spell in question is not a sorcerer/wizard spell, then default to cleric, druid, bard, paladin, and ranger, in that order.

 3/day—cure light wounds, remove disease 

 1/day—cure moderate wounds, remove blindness/deafness 

 STATISTICS 

 Str 8, Dex 14, Con 13, Int 15, Wis 10, Cha 17 

 Base Atk +6; CMB +4; CMD 16 

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Alertness, Self-Sufficient, Skill Focus (Heal), Toughness, Weapon Finesse, Weapon Focus (nasal spray) 

 Skills Bluff +10, Diplomacy +12, Escape Artist +9, Heal +22, Knowledge (arcana) +5, Knowledge (nature) +12, Perception +19, Sense Motive +11, Stealth +21, Survival +8, Swim +22, Use Magic Device +18 

 Languages Common, Sylvan 

 SQ amphibious 

     Creatures with the Amphibious special quality have the aquatic subtype, but they can survive indefinitely on land.

 ECOLOGY 

 Environment cold rivers 

 Organization solitary, pair, or gang (3–8) 

 Treasure none 

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Disease Scent (Ex) A bagiennik can smell a diseased creature as if using the scent ability. It can discern whether the diseased creature is the source of a disease or merely a carrier; in the latter case, the bagiennik often seeks out the creature and attempts to purge its maladies.

 Nasal Burn (Su) A bagiennik’s nasal spray deals 1d6 points of fire damage to victims in subsequent rounds after it strikes a target (as per the burn universal monster ability), but it can also cure other maladies. Each round in which a victim takes damage from a bagiennik’s nasal spray, that victim can attempt a DC 17 Fortitude save. If the victim succeeds at this save, it heals 1 point of ability damage to an ability score of its choice. If the result exceeds the DC by 5 or more, the victim can also attempt to remove a single disease or poison currently affecting her as per remove disease or neutralize poison (caster level 7th). If the damage from the bagiennik’s nasal burn is reduced or negated in any way, the victim can’t attempt this special Fortitude save that round. The save DC is Constitution-based.

Swan Maiden

This tall, regal woman is clad in a long cloak of pristine white swan feathers and silvery armor with a winged helm.

Swan maidens are fey shapechangers who vow to protect unspoiled wilds from the encroachment of civilization or evil. They live in small flocks along secluded lakeshores. Because stealing a swan maiden’s cloak robs her of her shapechanging ability, most maidens avoid humanoids and take up armor and weapons to defend themselves.

CR 6 XP 2,400

 CG Medium fey (shapechanger)

     A Fey is a creature with supernatural abilities and connections to nature or to some other force or place. Fey are usually human-shaped. A fey possesses the following traits (unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry).
   • Proficient with all simple weapons and any weapons mentioned in its entry.
   • Proficient with whatever type of armor (light, medium, or heavy) it is described as wearing, as well as all lighter types. Fey not indicated as wearing armor are not proficient with armor. Fey are proficient with shields if they are proficient with any form of armor.
   • Fey breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +5; Senses low-light vision; Perception +14

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE

 AC 20, touch 15, flat-footed 15 (+4 armor, +4 Dex, +1 dodge, +1 natural)

 hp 55 (10d6+20)

 Fort +5, Ref +12, Will +8

 DR 5/cold iron; Resist cold 10, electricity 10; SR 17

     A creature with DR ignores damage from most weapons and natural attacks. Wounds heal immediately, or the weapon bounces off harmlessly (in either case, the opponent knows the attack was ineffective). The creature takes normal damage from energy attacks (even nonmagical ones), spells, spell-like abilities, and supernatural abilities. A certain kind of weapon can sometimes damage the creature normally, as noted below. 
     The entry indicates the amount of damage ignored and the type of weapon that negates the ability. 
     Some monsters are vulnerable to piercing, bludgeoning, or slashing damage. Others are vulnerable to certain materials, such as adamantine, alchemical silver, or cold-forged iron. Attacks from weapons that are not of the correct type or made of the correct material have their damage reduced, although a high enhancement bonus can overcome some forms of damage reduction. 
     Some monsters are vulnerable to magic weapons. Any weapon with at least a +1 magical enhancement bonus on attack and damage rolls overcomes the damage reduction of these monsters. Such creatures’ natural weapons (but not their attacks with weapons) are treated as magic weapons for the purpose of overcoming damage reduction. 
     A few very powerful monsters are vulnerable only to epic weapons—that is, magic weapons with at least a +6 enhancement bonus. Such creatures’ natural weapons are also treated as epic weapons for the purpose of overcoming damage reduction. 
     Some monsters are vulnerable to good-, evil-, chaotically, or lawfully aligned weapons. When a cleric or inquisitor casts align weapon, affected weapons might gain one or more of these properties, and certain magic weapons have these properties as well. A creature with an alignment subtype (chaotic, evil, good, or lawful) can overcome this type of damage reduction with its natural weapons and weapons it wields as if the weapons or natural weapons had an alignment (or alignments) that matched the subtype(s) of the creature. 
     When a damage reduction entry has a — after the slash, no weapon negates the damage reduction. 
     A few creatures are harmed by more than one kind of weapon. A weapon that inflicts damage of either type overcomes this damage reduction. 
     A few other creatures require combinations of different types of attacks to overcome their damage reduction, and a weapon must be both types to overcome this type of damage reduction. A weapon that is only one type is still subject to damage reduction.

     A creature with resistance to energy ignores some damage of a certain type per attack, but it does not have total immunity. Each resistance ability is defined by what energy type it resists and how many points of damage are resisted. It doesn’t matter whether the damage has a mundane or magical source. When resistance completely negates the damage from an energy attack, the attack does not disrupt spellcasting. This resistance does not stack with the resistance that a spell might provide.

     A creature with Spell Resistance has the extraordinary ability to avoid the effects of spells and spell-like abilities that directly affect it. To determine if a spell or spell-like ability works against a creature with spell resistance, the caster must make a caster level check (1d20 + caster level). If the result equals or exceeds the creature’s spell resistance, the spell works normally, although the creature is still allowed a saving throw.

 OFFENSE

 Speed 30 ft., fly 40 ft. (good)

     A creature with a Fly speed can cease or resume flight as a free action on their turn. Without making a check, a flying creature can remain flying at the end of its turn so long as it moves a distance greater than half its speed. It can also turn up to 45 degrees during its turn by sacrificing 5 feet of movement, can rise at half speed at an angle of 45 degrees (ignoring the penalty for diagonal movement), and can descend at any angle at normal speed. At the beginning of their turn a flying creature can move in a different direction than they did previously without needing a Fly check.
     A creature with a natural fly speed receives a bonus (or penalty) on Fly skill checks depending on its maneuverability:
 • Clumsy –8
 • Poor –4
 • Average +0
 • Good +4
 • Perfect +8
     Creatures without a maneuverability rating are assumed to have average maneuverability and take no penalty on Fly checks. These modifiers are already included in the creature’s statblock.

 Melee mwk rapier +11 (1d6+1/18–20)

 Ranged longbow +10 (1d8/×3)

 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 10th; concentration +12)

     Spell-like abilities are magical and work just like spells (though they are not spells and so have no verbal, somatic, focus, or material components). They go away in an antimagic field and are subject to spell resistance if the spell the ability is based on would be subject to spell resistance.
     A spell-like ability usually has a limit on how often it can be used. A constant spell-like ability or one that can be used at will has no use limit; unless otherwise stated, a creature can only use a constant spell-like ability on itself. Reactivating a constant spell-like ability is a swift action. Using all other spell-like abilities is a standard action unless noted otherwise, and doing so provokes attacks of opportunity. It is possible to make a concentration check to use a spell-like ability defensively and avoid provoking an attack of opportunity, just as when casting a spell. A spell-like ability can be disrupted just as a spell can be. Spell-like abilities cannot be used to counterspell, nor can they be counterspelled.
     For creatures with spell-like abilities, a designated caster level defines how difficult it is to dispel their spell-like effects and to define any level-dependent variables (such as range and duration) the abilities might have. The creature’s caster level never affects which spell-like abilities the creature has; sometimes the given caster level is lower than the level a spellcasting character would need to cast the spell of the same name. If no caster level is specified, the caster level is equal to the creature’s Hit Dice. The saving throw (if any) against a spell-like ability is 10 + the level of the spell the ability resembles or duplicates + the creature’s Charisma modifier.
     Some spell-like abilities duplicate spells that work differently when cast by characters of different classes. A monster’s spell-like abilities are presumed to be the sorcerer/wizard versions. If the spell in question is not a sorcerer/wizard spell, then default to cleric, druid, bard, paladin, and ranger, in that order.

 At will—dancing lights

 1/day—confusion (DC 16), deep slumber (DC 15), entangle (DC 13), glitterdust (DC 14), major image (DC 15)

 STATISTICS 

 Str 13, Dex 20, Con 15, Int 10, Wis 12, Cha 15

 Base Atk +5; CMB +10; CMD 22

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Agile Maneuvers, Dodge, Flyby Attack, Skill Focus (Perception), Weapon Finesse

 Skills Acrobatics +11, Bluff +10, Fly +20, Knowledge (nature) +8, Perception +14, Sense Motive +9, Stealth +20

 Racial Modifiers +4 Stealth

 Languages Common, Sylvan

 SQ change shape (trumpeter swan, beast shape I), feather cloak, trackless step, transformation ritual

 Change Shape (Su) This creature has the ability to assume the appearance of a specific creature or type of creature (usually a humanoid), but retains most of its own physical qualities. A creature cannot change shape to a form more than one size category smaller or larger than its original form. This ability functions as a polymorph spell, the type of which is listed in the creature’s description, but the creature does not adjust its ability scores (although it gains any other abilities of the creature it mimics). Unless otherwise stated, it can remain in an alternate form indefinitely. Some creatures, such as lycanthropes, can transform into unique forms with special modifiers and abilities. These creatures do adjust their ability scores, as noted in their descriptions.

 ECOLOGY

 Environment temperate lakes or swamps

 Organization solitary, pair, or flock (3–10)

 Treasure standard (chain shirt, mwk longsword, longbow with 20 arrows, other treasure)

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Feather Cloak (Su) Without her feather cloak, a swan maiden can’t use her change shape ability. 

 Transformation Ritual (Su) A swan maiden can transform a willing good female humanoid into a swan maiden via a ritual that takes 24 hours. The humanoid loses her class and racial abilities.

Vouivre

One half of this creature is a nude woman, and the other is the front end of a slithering, winged dragon.

A vouivre is a deceptive and monstrous predator that looks like a humanoid woman from the waist up and the front end of a green-scaled dragon from the waist down. It shuns the company of its own kind, preferring evil fey (particularly water-dwelling ones such as nixies) for intelligent conversation and mundane snakes for companionship. A vouivre is 12 feet long from head to head, weighs 500 pounds, and can live 200 years. Vouivres make their homes in small caves near calm waters. They like to decorate their lairs with shiny coins, jewelry, and bright silks. One might place some of its treasure in the water outside to lure in curious humanoids, and bathe in these waters as a further enticement, hiding its reptilian half until prey is within striking distance. Because a vouivre can breathe water or air (from either head), it often grabs a creature, then retreats underwater to wait for the opponent to drown. It prefers humanoid flesh, but will feed on any available warm-blooded prey. Vouivres have an affinity for music, and their magic is often accompanied by singing or subtle musical vibrations from their scales. When a vouivre dies, its dragon head disgorges a 2-foot-diameter glassy egg. After around 6 weeks, the egg hatches into one or two vouivres, which take 7 years to reach maturity. These offspring resemble humanoids the mother has eaten, so it prefers to feast on attractive and strong victims. The young also adapt to the appearance of nearby reptilian creatures.

CR 12 XP 19,200

 CE Large monstrous humanoid (aquatic)

     Monstrous humanoids are similar to humanoids, but with monstrous or animalistic features. They often have magical abilities as well. A monstrous humanoid has the following traits (unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry).
   • Proficient with all simple weapons and any weapons mentioned in its entry.
   • Proficient with whatever type of armor (light, medium, or heavy) it is described as wearing, as well as all lighter types. Monstrous humanoids not indicated as wearing armor are not proficient with armor. Monstrous humanoids are proficient with shields if they are proficient with any form of armor.
   • Monstrous humanoids breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +5; Senses darkvision 60 ft.; Perception +17

     Darkvision is the extraordinary ability to see with no light source at all, out to a range specified. Darkvision is black-and-white only (colors cannot be discerned). It does not allow creatures to see anything that they could not see otherwise—invisible objects are still invisible, and illusions are still visible as what they seem to be. Likewise, darkvision subjects a creature to gaze attacks normally. The presence of light does not spoil darkvision.

 DEFENSE

 AC 27, touch 10, flat-footed 26 (+1 Dex, +17 natural, –1 size)

 hp 152 (16d10+64)

 Fort +9, Ref +11, Will +14; +4 vs. mind-affecting effects

 Defensive Abilities unwavering mind; Immune cold; Resist fire 10, sonic 10

     A creature with immunities takes no damage from listed sources. Immunities can also apply to afflictions, conditions, spells (based on school, level, or save type), and other effects. A creature that is immune does not suffer from these effects, or any secondary effects that are triggered due to an immune effect.

     A creature with resistance to energy ignores some damage of a certain type per attack, but it does not have total immunity. Each resistance ability is defined by what energy type it resists and how many points of damage are resisted. It doesn’t matter whether the damage has a mundane or magical source. When resistance completely negates the damage from an energy attack, the attack does not disrupt spellcasting. This resistance does not stack with the resistance that a spell might provide.

 OFFENSE

 Speed 30 ft., fly 40 ft. (poor), swim 50 ft.

     A creature with a Fly speed can cease or resume flight as a free action on their turn. Without making a check, a flying creature can remain flying at the end of its turn so long as it moves a distance greater than half its speed. It can also turn up to 45 degrees during its turn by sacrificing 5 feet of movement, can rise at half speed at an angle of 45 degrees (ignoring the penalty for diagonal movement), and can descend at any angle at normal speed. At the beginning of their turn a flying creature can move in a different direction than they did previously without needing a Fly check.
     A creature with a natural fly speed receives a bonus (or penalty) on Fly skill checks depending on its maneuverability:
 • Clumsy –8
 • Poor –4
 • Average +0
 • Good +4
 • Perfect +8
     Creatures without a maneuverability rating are assumed to have average maneuverability and take no penalty on Fly checks. These modifiers are already included in the creature’s statblock.

     A creature with a Swim speed can move through water at its indicated speed without making Swim checks. It gains a +8 racial bonus on any Swim check to perform a special action or avoid a hazard. The creature can always choose to take 10 on a Swim check, even if distracted or endangered when swimming. Such a creature can use the run action while swimming, provided that it swims in a straight line.

 Melee bite +20 (3d6+4 plus grab), 2 claws +20 (2d6+4/19–20), 2 wings +14 (1d8+2)

 Grab (Ex) If this creature hits with the indicated attack it deals normal damage and attempts to start a grapple as a free action without provoking an attack of opportunity. The creature has the option to conduct the grapple normally, or simply use the part of its body it used in the grab to hold the opponent. If it chooses to do the latter, it takes a –20 penalty on its CMB check to make and maintain the grapple, but does not gain the grappled condition itself. A successful hold does not deal any extra damage unless the creature also has the constrict special attack. If the creature does not constrict, each successful grapple check it makes during successive rounds automatically deals the damage indicated for the attack that established the hold. Otherwise, it deals constriction damage as well (the amount is given in the creature’s descriptive text).
     Creatures with the grab special attack receive a +4 bonus on combat maneuver checks made to start and maintain a grapple.
     Unless otherwise noted, grab can only be used against targets of a size equal to or smaller than the creature with this ability. If the creature can use grab on creatures of other sizes, it is noted in the creature’s Special Attacks line.
     A grappled creature is restrained by a creature, trap, or effect. Grappled creatures cannot move and take a –4 penalty to Dexterity. A grappled creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls and combat maneuver checks, except those made to grapple or escape a grapple. In addition, grappled creatures can take no action that requires two hands to perform. A grappled character who attempts to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability must make a concentration check (DC 10 + grappler’s CMB + spell level), or lose the spell. Grappled creatures cannot make attacks of opportunity.
     A grappled creature cannot use Stealth to hide from the creature grappling it, even if a special ability, such as hide in plain sight, would normally allow it to do so. If a grappled creature becomes invisible, through a spell or other ability, it gains a +2 circumstance bonus on its CMD to avoid being grappled, but receives no other benefit.

 Space 10 ft.; Reach 10 ft.

 Special Attacks breath weapon (30-ft. cone, 8d6 fire, Reflex DC 22 half, usable every 1d4 rounds)

 Breath Weapon (Su) This creature has the ability to exhale a cone, line, or cloud of energy or other magical effect. A breath weapon attack usually deals damage and is often based on some type of energy. Breath weapons allow a Reflex save for half damage (DC 10 + 1/2 breathing creature’s racial HD + Con modifier; the exact DC is given in the creature’s descriptive text). A creature is immune to its own breath weapon unless otherwise noted. Some breath weapons allow a Fortitude save or a Will save instead of a Reflex save. Each breath weapon also includes notes on how often it can be used, even if this number is limited in times per day.

 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 13th; concentration +17)

     Spell-like abilities are magical and work just like spells (though they are not spells and so have no verbal, somatic, focus, or material components). They go away in an antimagic field and are subject to spell resistance if the spell the ability is based on would be subject to spell resistance.
     A spell-like ability usually has a limit on how often it can be used. A constant spell-like ability or one that can be used at will has no use limit; unless otherwise stated, a creature can only use a constant spell-like ability on itself. Reactivating a constant spell-like ability is a swift action. Using all other spell-like abilities is a standard action unless noted otherwise, and doing so provokes attacks of opportunity. It is possible to make a concentration check to use a spell-like ability defensively and avoid provoking an attack of opportunity, just as when casting a spell. A spell-like ability can be disrupted just as a spell can be. Spell-like abilities cannot be used to counterspell, nor can they be counterspelled.
     For creatures with spell-like abilities, a designated caster level defines how difficult it is to dispel their spell-like effects and to define any level-dependent variables (such as range and duration) the abilities might have. The creature’s caster level never affects which spell-like abilities the creature has; sometimes the given caster level is lower than the level a spellcasting character would need to cast the spell of the same name. If no caster level is specified, the caster level is equal to the creature’s Hit Dice. The saving throw (if any) against a spell-like ability is 10 + the level of the spell the ability resembles or duplicates + the creature’s Charisma modifier.
     Some spell-like abilities duplicate spells that work differently when cast by characters of different classes. A monster’s spell-like abilities are presumed to be the sorcerer/wizard versions. If the spell in question is not a sorcerer/wizard spell, then default to cleric, druid, bard, paladin, and ranger, in that order.

 At will—charm person (DC 15), comprehend languages, ghost sound (DC 14), speak with animals (snakes only)

 1/day—charm animal (DC 15, snakes only), shout (DC 18), song of discord (DC 19)

 STATISTICS 

 Str 19, Dex 13, Con 18, Int 11, Wis 14, Cha 18

 Base Atk +16; CMB +21 (+25 grapple); CMD 32 (can’t be tripped)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Critical Focus, Deafening Critical, Great Fortitude, Improved Critical (claw), Improved Initiative, Iron Will, Weapon Focus (bite), Weapon Focus (claw)

 Skills Bluff +20, Fly +6, Intimidate +15, Perception +17, Sense Motive +10, Stealth +12, Swim +12

 Languages Common, Sylvan

 SQ amphibious, snake empathy

     Creatures with the Amphibious special quality have the aquatic subtype, but they can survive indefinitely on land.

 ECOLOGY

 Environment temperate forests, lakes, or rivers

 Organization solitary or harem (1 plus 4–10 snakes)

 Treasure standard

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Snake Empathy (Ex) A vouivre can communicate and empathize with snakes. It can use Diplomacy to alter such an animal’s attitude, and when doing so gains a +4 racial bonus on the check. 

 Unwavering Mind (Ex) A vouivre gains a +4 bonus on saving throws to resist mind-affecting effects.

Wakandagi

This antlered beast combines the features of an elegant deer and a slithering serpent.

Ardent defenders of large flowing rivers and the branching tributaries that accompany them, wakandagis swim through wild, untouched lands, valiantly working to guard them from those who would over-settle their banks, spoil their purity, and take from their bounty without consideration for the needs of the river or the other creatures that inhabit it. When destructive creatures poison the rivers or humanoids draw too many fish from their waters, wakandagis are roused to confront the despoilers, either to force them to flee or to end their destruction by any means necessary. While a wakandagi’s anger is fierce, it is not easily roused. Simple fishing expeditions and the occasional traveler are left in peace; only those doing extreme and malicious damage to the rivers in a wakandagi’s territory provoke it, and the creature attacks only after great deliberation. While these majestic beasts are rarely encountered by humans, tales around the fires of fish camps and within the relative safety of riverside taverns claim that, when riled, a wakandagi will come screaming out from within a veil of clinging mist, scattering foes, capsizing boats, and spitting its water bombs, which can render a foe unconscious. Any creature straying too close to the beast falls victim to its branching antlers. The other, less destructive tales involving wakandagis portray them as considerate and kind-hearted beasts, sometimes flooding a burning field to save a crop of corn, pushing a sinking boat to shore to save the crew, or even saving a child bitten by a viper while playing in the river. A wakandagi stands 9 feet at the shoulder, stretches 18 feet from nose to tail, and weighs 2,200 pounds.

CR 14 XP 38,400 

 NG Large outsider (native, water) 

     An Outsider is at least partially composed of the essence (but not necessarily the material) of some plane other than the Material Plane. Some creatures start out as some other type and become outsiders when they attain a higher (or lower) state of spiritual existence. An outsider has the following traits:
   • Unlike most living creatures, an outsider does not have a dual nature—its soul and body form one unit. When an outsider is slain, no soul is set loose. Spells that restore souls to their bodies, such as raise dead, reincarnate, and resurrection, don’t work on an outsider. It takes a different magical effect, such as limited wish, wish, miracle, or true resurrection to restore it to life.
   • Proficient with all simple and martial weapons and any weapons mentioned in its entry.
   • Proficient with whatever type of armor (light, medium, or heavy) it is described as wearing, as well as all lighter types. Outsiders not indicated as wearing armor are not proficient with armor. Outsiders are proficient with shields if they are proficient with any form of armor.
   • Outsiders breathe, but do not need to eat or sleep (although they can do so if they wish).

 Init +6; Senses darkvision 60 ft., detect evil, detect magic, low-light vision, scent, mistsight; Perception +23

 Mistsight (Ex) The monster can see through fog, mist, and murky water as if they were perfectly clear, ignoring the miss chance for these obstructions, up to its normal range of vision.

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     Darkvision is the extraordinary ability to see with no light source at all, out to a range specified. Darkvision is black-and-white only (colors cannot be discerned). It does not allow creatures to see anything that they could not see otherwise—invisible objects are still invisible, and illusions are still visible as what they seem to be. Likewise, darkvision subjects a creature to gaze attacks normally. The presence of light does not spoil darkvision.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 28, touch 16, flat-footed 21 (+6 Dex, +1 dodge, +12 natural, –1 size) 

 hp 200 (16d10+112) 

 Fort +17, Ref +13, Will +14

 Immune disease, poison; Resist cold 10, fire 10; SR 25 

     A creature with immunities takes no damage from listed sources. Immunities can also apply to afflictions, conditions, spells (based on school, level, or save type), and other effects. A creature that is immune does not suffer from these effects, or any secondary effects that are triggered due to an immune effect.

     A creature with resistance to energy ignores some damage of a certain type per attack, but it does not have total immunity. Each resistance ability is defined by what energy type it resists and how many points of damage are resisted. It doesn’t matter whether the damage has a mundane or magical source. When resistance completely negates the damage from an energy attack, the attack does not disrupt spellcasting. This resistance does not stack with the resistance that a spell might provide.

     A creature with Spell Resistance has the extraordinary ability to avoid the effects of spells and spell-like abilities that directly affect it. To determine if a spell or spell-like ability works against a creature with spell resistance, the caster must make a caster level check (1d20 + caster level). If the result equals or exceeds the creature’s spell resistance, the spell works normally, although the creature is still allowed a saving throw.

 OFFENSE 

 Speed 40 ft., swim 80 ft. 

     A creature with a Swim speed can move through water at its indicated speed without making Swim checks. It gains a +8 racial bonus on any Swim check to perform a special action or avoid a hazard. The creature can always choose to take 10 on a Swim check, even if distracted or endangered when swimming. Such a creature can use the run action while swimming, provided that it swims in a straight line.

 Melee gore +25 (1d8+10), bite +25 (1d8+10), 2 hooves +23 (1d8+5), tail slap +23 (1d8+5) 

 Ranged water bomb +21 touch (bull rush) 

 Space 10 ft.; Reach 5 ft. (10 ft. with tail slap) 

 Special Attacks capsize, pounce, powerful charge (gore, 2d8+15), water bomb 

 Capsize (Ex) This creature can attempt to capsize a boat or a ship by ramming it as a charge attack and making a combat maneuver check. The DC of this check is 25, or the result of the captain’s Profession (sailor) check, whichever is higher. For each size category the ship is larger than the creature attempting to capsize it, the creature attempting to capsize the ship takes a cumulative –10 penalty on its combat maneuver check.

 Pounce (Ex) When this creature makes a charge, it can make a full attack with any weapons it has (including rake attacks if the creature also has the rake ability). It maintains this ability even when subject to the slow spell, and the full attack on a pounce still receives the extra attack from haste.

 Powerful Charge (Ex) When this creature charges, its attack deals extra damage in addition to the normal benefits and hazards of a charge. The attack and the damage from the attack are given in the creature’s description.

 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 14th; concentration +20) 

     Spell-like abilities are magical and work just like spells (though they are not spells and so have no verbal, somatic, focus, or material components). They go away in an antimagic field and are subject to spell resistance if the spell the ability is based on would be subject to spell resistance.
     A spell-like ability usually has a limit on how often it can be used. A constant spell-like ability or one that can be used at will has no use limit; unless otherwise stated, a creature can only use a constant spell-like ability on itself. Reactivating a constant spell-like ability is a swift action. Using all other spell-like abilities is a standard action unless noted otherwise, and doing so provokes attacks of opportunity. It is possible to make a concentration check to use a spell-like ability defensively and avoid provoking an attack of opportunity, just as when casting a spell. A spell-like ability can be disrupted just as a spell can be. Spell-like abilities cannot be used to counterspell, nor can they be counterspelled.
     For creatures with spell-like abilities, a designated caster level defines how difficult it is to dispel their spell-like effects and to define any level-dependent variables (such as range and duration) the abilities might have. The creature’s caster level never affects which spell-like abilities the creature has; sometimes the given caster level is lower than the level a spellcasting character would need to cast the spell of the same name. If no caster level is specified, the caster level is equal to the creature’s Hit Dice. The saving throw (if any) against a spell-like ability is 10 + the level of the spell the ability resembles or duplicates + the creature’s Charisma modifier.
     Some spell-like abilities duplicate spells that work differently when cast by characters of different classes. A monster’s spell-like abilities are presumed to be the sorcerer/wizard versions. If the spell in question is not a sorcerer/wizard spell, then default to cleric, druid, bard, paladin, and ranger, in that order.

 At will—detect evil, detect magic, fog cloud, quench (DC 19) 

 3/day—aqueous orb (DC 19), neutralize poison 

 STATISTICS 

 Str 30, Dex 23, Con 24, Int 13, Wis 19, Cha 22 

 Base Atk +16; CMB +27; CMD 44 (48 vs. trip) 

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Dodge, Lightning Reflexes, Mobility, Multiattack, Point-Blank Shot, Power Attack, Spring Attack, Vital Strike 

 Skills Acrobatics +20, Diplomacy +20, Intimidate +20, Knowledge (nature, planes) +15, Perception +23, Spellcraft +9, Stealth +20, Survival +20, Swim +23 

 Languages Common, Sylvan 

 ECOLOGY 

 Environment temperate rivers 

 Organization solitary 

 Treasure none 

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Water Bomb (Su) As a standard action, a wakandagi can spit a ball of water at a target within 60 feet as a ranged touch attack. If successful, the attack is resolved as a bull rush using the wakandagi’s CMB. This bull rush doesn’t provoke an attack of opportunity. If the ball of water successfully hits, it remains in the square of the target struck. If the ball of water misses, it continues in a straight line and lands at the extent of its range. This ball is 2 feet across and weighs 50 pounds. One round after the wakandagi spits the ball of water, it explodes, dealing 10d6 points of nonlethal damage to all creatures within a 20-foot radius (Reflex DC 25 half). The save DC is Constitution-based.

Temperate Rivers and Lakes