Hyena

This hyena is covered in shaggy, tan-colored fur with black and brown stripes.

Hyenas are pack hunters infamous for their cunning and their unnerving, laughter-like vocalizations. They are largely scavengers, but aren’t above supplementing their diet of carrion with fresh prey. Hyenas tend to hunt alone, but when hunting as a pack they typically send one or two members against a foe’s front while the rest of the pack circles and attacks from behind. Many of the savage humanoid races, particularly gnolls, use hyenas as guard dogs. Such hyenas typically wear leather barding and are trained from birth to be vicious and savage—many such creatures are advanced hyenas.

CR 1 XP 400

 N Medium animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +2; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +8 

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 14, touch 12, flat-footed 12 (+2 Dex, +2 natural)

 hp 13 (2d8+4)

 Fort +5, Ref +5, Will +1

 OFFENSE

 Speed 50 ft.

 Melee bite +3 (1d6+3 plus trip)

 STATISTICS

 Str 14, Dex 15, Con 15, Int 2, Wis 13, Cha 6

 Base Atk +1; CMB +3; CMD 15 (19 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Skill Focus (Perception)

 Skills Perception +8, Stealth +6 (+10 in tall grass)

 Racial Modifiers +4 Stealth in tall grass

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm plains

 Organization solitary, pair, or pack (3–12)

 Treasure none

Troodon

This small, slender-necked dinosaur’s bright, inquisitive eyes seem to miss nothing.

The swift, curious troodons are unusually quick to learn, and some can even mimic human speech in the manner of a parrot. A troodon is 3 feet tall and just over 6 feet long from nose to tail. It weighs 50 pounds.

CR 1 XP 400 

 N Medium animal 

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +2; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +10

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 13, touch 12, flat-footed 11 (+2 Dex, +1 natural) 

 hp 13 (2d8+4) 

 Fort +5, Ref +5, Will +2 

 OFFENSE 

 Speed 40 ft. 

 Melee bite +3 (1d6), 2 claws +3 (1d4) 

 STATISTICS 

 Str 11, Dex 15, Con 14, Int 2, Wis 14, Cha 13 

 Base Atk +1; CMB +1; CMD 13 

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Weapon Finesse 

 Skills Perception +10, Stealth +6

 Racial Modifiers +4 Perception 

 SQ easily trained 

 ECOLOGY 

 Environment warm plains 

 Organization solitary, pair, or pack (3–12) 

 Treasure none 

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Easily Trained (Ex) A troodon is unusually quick to pick up tricks and animal training. All Handle Animal checks made to train a troodon gain a +2 bonus. A troodon can learn an additional 2 tricks beyond what an animal of its intelligence can normally be taught.

Cheetah

This large, sleek feline has a golden coat spotted with black. Its long and powerful legs are obviously capable of great speed.

The cheetah is a swift and deadly predator capable of moving with incredible speed, allowing it to run down unsuspecting foes hundreds of feet away. The hunting cat avoids areas of dense and tangled undergrowth, but has great skill at lying in wait in tall grass. An adult cheetah is 4-1/2 feet long and weighs 140 pounds.

CR 2 XP 600

 N Medium animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +8; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +5 

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 15, touch 14, flat-footed 11 (+4 Dex, +1 natural)

 hp 19 (3d8+6)

 Fort +5, Ref +7, Will +2

 OFFENSE

 Speed 50 ft.; sprint

 Melee bite +6 (1d6+3 plus trip), 2 claws +6 (1d3+3)

 STATISTICS

 Str 17, Dex 19, Con 15, Int 2, Wis 12, Cha 6

 Base Atk +2; CMB +5; CMD 19 (23 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Improved Initiative, Weapon Finesse

 Skills Acrobatics +8, Perception +5, Stealth +8 (+12 in tall grass)

 Racial Modifiers +4 Stealth in tall grass

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm plains

 Organization solitary or pair

 Treasure none

 SPECIAL ABILITIES 

 Sprint (Ex) Once per hour, a cheetah can move at 10 times its normal speed (500 feet) when it makes a charge.

Moa

Standing on muscular legs that end in enormous talons, this flightless bird is almost twice the height of a man.

Moas are large, flightless birds that, with their necks outstretched, stand nearly as tall as ogres. They roam the grasslands feeding on the thick grasses and shrubs that are mostly inedible to smaller birds and mammals. While these birds are gigantic, they are rather docile and skittish, preferring to flee than fight. They can become aggressive when faced with predators or perceived threats to their young or food sources. In these cases, the larger birds of a colony or group move forward to protect the young and weak moas of the flock. These larger moas leap into the air and lash out with both of their broad, sharp talons to inflict grievous wounds. A full-grown moa can weigh as much as 500 lbs.

CR 2 XP 600 

 N Large animal 

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +7; Senses low-light vision; Perception +9

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 15, touch 12, flat-footed 12 (+3 Dex, +3 natural, –1 size) 

 hp 19 (3d8+6) 

 Fort +5, Ref +6, Will +1 

 OFFENSE 

 Speed 30 ft. 

 Melee 2 talons +4 (1d6+3) 

 Space 10 ft.; Reach 10 ft. 

 STATISTICS 

 Str 17, Dex 16, Con 14, Int 2, Wis 11, Cha 9 

 Base Atk +2; CMB +6; CMD 19 

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Improved Initiative, Skill Focus (Perception) 

 Skills Perception +9 

 ECOLOGY 

 Environment warm plains 

 Organization solitary, pair, group (3–5), or colony (6–100) 

 Treasure none

Dire Hyena

This large hyena has a thick head, rheumy red eyes, and a mouth filled with sharp, powerful teeth.

Dire hyenas (known to many as hyaenodons) are more fearsome than their smaller cousins. While hyaenodons won’t turn down carrion as a handy meal, they much prefer to hunt for prey. A pack of dire hyenas rarely stops moving and hunting for anything other than sleep, mating, or food. Hyaenodons are 6 feet tall at the shoulder and often over 12 feet long. They weigh 900 pounds. Gnolls have been known to train hyaenodons to serve in their lairs as guardians, or more commonly as fearsome mounts.

CR 3 XP 800

 N Large animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +2; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +8 

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 15, touch 11, flat-footed 13 (+2 Dex, +4 natural, –1 size)

 hp 26 (4d8+8)

 Fort +6, Ref +6, Will +2

 OFFENSE

 Speed 50 ft.

 Melee bite +6 (2d6+6 plus trip)

 Space 10 ft.; Reach 10 ft.

 STATISTICS

 Str 18, Dex 15, Con 15, Int 2, Wis 13, Cha 6

 Base Atk +3; CMB +8; CMD 20 (24 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Skill Focus (Perception, Stealth)

 Skills Perception +8, Stealth +7 (+11 in tall grass or heavy undergrowth)

 Racial Modifiers +4 Stealth in tall grass

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm plains

 Organization solitary, pair, or pack (3–8)

 Treasure incidental

Giraffe

This animal, covered in a spotted pattern, has a disproportionately long neck that allows it to tower over other animals.

These long-necked animals roam across plains in loose-knit groups, grazing on the upper reaches of acacia trees. Giraffes usually avoid conflict. However, when its young are threatened or if the giraffe is cornered, it attacks ruthlessly, striking with its powerful hooves. Giraffes rarely use their necks to make slam attacks unless they are fighting among themselves as part of their mating displays. A giraffe is between 16 and 20 feet tall and weighs 3,500 pounds.

CR 3 XP 800

 N Huge animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +2; Senses low-light vision; Perception +8

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE

 AC 16, touch 10, flat-footed 14 (+2 Dex, +6 natural, –2 size)

 hp 30 (4d8+12)

 Fort +7, Ref +6, Will +2

 OFFENSE

 Speed 50 ft.

 Melee 2 hooves +6 (1d8+5), slam +1 (1d8+2)

 Space 15 ft.; Reach 10 ft.

 STATISTICS 

 Str 20, Dex 15, Con 16, Int 2, Wis 13, Cha 7

 Base Atk +3; CMB +10; CMD 22 (26 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Endurance, Run

 Skills Perception +8

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm plains

 Organization solitary, pair, or herd (3–10)

 Treasure none

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Natural Weapons (Ex) A giraffe’s hoof attacks are primary attacks and its slam attack is a secondary attack.

Lion

This great cat’s muscles flex visibly under its skin as it bares its fangs and shakes its thick mane of hair.

Male lions are 5 to 8 feet long and weigh 330 to 550 pounds. Females are slightly smaller but use the same statistics. Lions are usually the top animal predators in their territories, though they resort to scavenging if convenient or necessary. They may kill other predators (such as leopards and hyenas) that encroach upon their haunts, but rarely eat these kills unless game is scarce. Most lions do not selectively hunt humanoids, but occasionally one learns what easy kills they are and becomes a man-eater. Lions prefer plains but can adapt to living in shallow caves as long as there’s a large and stable supply of prey to keep them fed.

CR 3 XP 800

 N Large Animal

 Init +7; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +9 

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 15, touch 12, flat-footed 12 (+3 Dex, +3 natural, –1 size)

 hp 32 (5d8+10)

 Fort +6, Ref +7, Will +2

 OFFENSE

 Speed 40 ft.

 Melee bite +7 (1d8+5 plus grab), 2 claws +7 (1d4+5)

 Grab (Ex) If this creature hits with the indicated attack it deals normal damage and attempts to start a grapple as a free action without provoking an attack of opportunity. The creature has the option to conduct the grapple normally, or simply use the part of its body it used in the grab to hold the opponent. If it chooses to do the latter, it takes a –20 penalty on its CMB check to make and maintain the grapple, but does not gain the grappled condition itself. A successful hold does not deal any extra damage unless the creature also has the constrict special attack. If the creature does not constrict, each successful grapple check it makes during successive rounds automatically deals the damage indicated for the attack that established the hold. Otherwise, it deals constriction damage as well (the amount is given in the creature’s descriptive text).
     Creatures with the grab special attack receive a +4 bonus on combat maneuver checks made to start and maintain a grapple.
     Unless otherwise noted, grab can only be used against targets of a size equal to or smaller than the creature with this ability. If the creature can use grab on creatures of other sizes, it is noted in the creature’s Special Attacks line.
     A grappled creature is restrained by a creature, trap, or effect. Grappled creatures cannot move and take a –4 penalty to Dexterity. A grappled creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls and combat maneuver checks, except those made to grapple or escape a grapple. In addition, grappled creatures can take no action that requires two hands to perform. A grappled character who attempts to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability must make a concentration check (DC 10 + grappler’s CMB + spell level), or lose the spell. Grappled creatures cannot make attacks of opportunity.
     A grappled creature cannot use Stealth to hide from the creature grappling it, even if a special ability, such as hide in plain sight, would normally allow it to do so. If a grappled creature becomes invisible, through a spell or other ability, it gains a +2 circumstance bonus on its CMD to avoid being grappled, but receives no other benefit.

 Space 10 ft.; Reach 5 ft.

 Special Attacks pounce, rake (2 claws +7, 1d4+5)

 Pounce (Ex) When this creature makes a charge, it can make a full attack with any weapons it has (including rake attacks if the creature also has the rake ability). It maintains this ability even when subject to the slow spell, and the full attack on a pounce still receives the extra attack from haste.

 Rake (Ex) This creature gains extra natural attacks under certain conditions, typically when it grapples its foe. In addition to the options available to all grapplers, a monster with the rake ability gains two free claw attacks that it can use only against a grappled foe. The bonus and damage caused by these attacks is included in the creature’s description. A monster with the rake ability must begin its turn already grappling to use its rake—it can’t begin a grapple and rake in the same turn.
     A grappled creature is restrained by a creature, trap, or effect. Grappled creatures cannot move and take a –4 penalty to Dexterity. A grappled creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls and combat maneuver checks, except those made to grapple or escape a grapple. In addition, grappled creatures can take no action that requires two hands to perform. A grappled character who attempts to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability must make a concentration check (DC 10 + grappler’s CMB + spell level), or lose the spell. Grappled creatures cannot make attacks of opportunity.
     A grappled creature cannot use Stealth to hide from the creature grappling it, even if a special ability, such as hide in plain sight, would normally allow it to do so. If a grappled creature becomes invisible, through a spell or other ability, it gains a +2 circumstance bonus on its CMD to avoid being grappled, but receives no other benefit.

 STATISTICS

 Str 21, Dex 17, Con 15, Int 2, Wis 12, Cha 6

 Base Atk +3; CMB +9 (+13 grapple); CMD 22 (26 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Improved Initiative, Run, Skill Focus (Perception)

 Skills Acrobatics +11, Perception +9, Stealth +8 (+12 in undergrowth)

 Racial Modifiers +4 Acrobatics, +4 Stealth (+8 in undergrowth)

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm plains

 Organization solitary, pair, or pride (3–10)

 Treasure none

Parasaurolophus

This thick-bodied dinosaur has a whip-like tail and a long neck, its head topped by the crest of a backward-curving horn.

The parasaurolophus, a gentle giant of the plains and meadows, is instantly recognizable by its unique and striking appearance. Measuring an impressive 30 feet in length and weighing 10,500 pounds, this herbivore moves gracefully despite its massive size. But it's the long, curved crest atop its skull that truly sets it apart. When the wind blows through the hollows of its crest, it can produce a haunting, melodic sound, believed by many to be a means of communicating with fellow herd members across the vast landscapes. With its elongated neck and strong legs, the parasaurolophus grazes on a variety of plants and foliage, always alert for predators, though its sheer size ensures that only the bravest of predators would dare approach.

CR 4 XP 1,200

 N Huge animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +2; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +13

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE

 AC 17, touch 10, flat-footed 15 (+2 Dex, +7 natural, –1 size)

 hp 45 (6d8+18)

 Fort +8, Ref +7, Will +3

 OFFENSE

 Speed 30 ft.

 Melee tail slap +8 (2d6+9)

 Space 15 ft.; Reach 15 ft. 

 Special Attack trample (2d6+9; DC 19)

 Trample (Ex) As a full-round action, this creature can attempt to overrun any creature that is at least one size category smaller than itself. This works just like the overrun combat maneuver, but the trampling creature does not need to make a check, it merely has to move over opponents in its path. Targets of a trample take an amount of damage equal to the trampling creature’s slam damage + 1-1/2 times its Str modifier. Targets of a trample can make an attack of opportunity, but at a –4 penalty. If targets forgo an attack of opportunity, they can attempt to avoid the trampling creature and receive a Reflex save to take half damage. The save DC against a creature’s trample attack is 10 + 1/2 creature’s HD + creature’s Str modifier (the exact DC is given in the creature’s descriptive text). A trampling creature can only deal trampling damage to each target once per round, no matter how many times its movement takes it over a target creature.

 STATISTICS 

 Str 23, Dex 14, Con 17, Int 2, Wis 13, Cha 10

 Base Atk +4; CMB +12; CMD 24 (28 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Improved Bull Rush, Power Attack, Skill Focus (Perception)

 Skills Perception +13

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm forests or plains

 Organization solitary, pair, or herd (3–12)

 Treasure none

Rhinoceros

This rhinoceros has a low-slung head with twisted ears that lie back along its neck.

The rhinoceros feeds on leafy plants, branches, and even thorny shrubs. Its thick hide is a mottled gray color, and it can run surprisingly fast for a beast of its size. The rhinoceros is notoriously short-tempered and prone to attacking anything it perceives as approaching too closely (generally within a distance of 80 feet—the distance of a single charge—for most rhinos).

CR 4 XP 1,200

 N Large animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +0; Senses scent; Perception +12 

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 16, touch 9, flat-footed 16 (+7 natural, –1 size)

 hp 42 (5d8+20)

 Fort +10, Ref +4, Will +2

 OFFENSE

 Speed 40 ft.

 Melee gore +8 (2d6+9)

 Space 10 ft.; Reach 5 ft.

 Special Attacks powerful charge (gore, 4d6+12)

 Powerful Charge (Ex) When this creature charges, its attack deals extra damage in addition to the normal benefits and hazards of a charge. The attack and the damage from the attack are given in the creature’s description.

 STATISTICS

 Str 22, Dex 10, Con 19, Int 2, Wis 13, Cha 5

 Base Atk +3; CMB +10; CMD 20 (24 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Endurance, Great Fortitude, Skill Focus (Perception)

 Skills Perception +12

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm plains

 Organization solitary, pair, or herd (3–12)

 Treasure none

Dire Lion

This immense spotted lion stands as tall as a man at the shoulder, its fur matted with the blood of its victims.

Dire lions, known locally as spotted lions or cave lions, are immense predators that can grow up to 15 feet long and weigh up to 3,500 pounds. Although they are merely animals, these large creatures seem to take an almost sadistic glee in playing with and tormenting their prey before eventually devouring it. As a result, many tribes view dire lions as the spawn of evil gods, and hunt them down as soon as their presence in a region becomes obvious.

CR 5 XP 1,600

 N Large Animal

 Init +6; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +11 

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 15, touch 11, flat-footed 13 (+2 Dex, +4 natural, –1 size)

 hp 60 (8d8+24)

 Fort +9, Ref +8, Will +3

 OFFENSE

 Speed 40 ft.

 Melee bite +12 (1d8+7 plus grab), 2 claws +13 (1d6+7)

 Grab (Ex) If this creature hits with the indicated attack it deals normal damage and attempts to start a grapple as a free action without provoking an attack of opportunity. The creature has the option to conduct the grapple normally, or simply use the part of its body it used in the grab to hold the opponent. If it chooses to do the latter, it takes a –20 penalty on its CMB check to make and maintain the grapple, but does not gain the grappled condition itself. A successful hold does not deal any extra damage unless the creature also has the constrict special attack. If the creature does not constrict, each successful grapple check it makes during successive rounds automatically deals the damage indicated for the attack that established the hold. Otherwise, it deals constriction damage as well (the amount is given in the creature’s descriptive text).
     Creatures with the grab special attack receive a +4 bonus on combat maneuver checks made to start and maintain a grapple.
     Unless otherwise noted, grab can only be used against targets of a size equal to or smaller than the creature with this ability. If the creature can use grab on creatures of other sizes, it is noted in the creature’s Special Attacks line.
     A grappled creature is restrained by a creature, trap, or effect. Grappled creatures cannot move and take a –4 penalty to Dexterity. A grappled creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls and combat maneuver checks, except those made to grapple or escape a grapple. In addition, grappled creatures can take no action that requires two hands to perform. A grappled character who attempts to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability must make a concentration check (DC 10 + grappler’s CMB + spell level), or lose the spell. Grappled creatures cannot make attacks of opportunity.
     A grappled creature cannot use Stealth to hide from the creature grappling it, even if a special ability, such as hide in plain sight, would normally allow it to do so. If a grappled creature becomes invisible, through a spell or other ability, it gains a +2 circumstance bonus on its CMD to avoid being grappled, but receives no other benefit.

 Space 10 ft.; Reach 5 ft.

 Special Attacks pounce, rake (2 claws +13, 1d6+7)

 Pounce (Ex) When this creature makes a charge, it can make a full attack with any weapons it has (including rake attacks if the creature also has the rake ability). It maintains this ability even when subject to the slow spell, and the full attack on a pounce still receives the extra attack from haste.

 Rake (Ex) This creature gains extra natural attacks under certain conditions, typically when it grapples its foe. In addition to the options available to all grapplers, a monster with the rake ability gains two free claw attacks that it can use only against a grappled foe. The bonus and damage caused by these attacks is included in the creature’s description. A monster with the rake ability must begin its turn already grappling to use its rake—it can’t begin a grapple and rake in the same turn.
     A grappled creature is restrained by a creature, trap, or effect. Grappled creatures cannot move and take a –4 penalty to Dexterity. A grappled creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls and combat maneuver checks, except those made to grapple or escape a grapple. In addition, grappled creatures can take no action that requires two hands to perform. A grappled character who attempts to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability must make a concentration check (DC 10 + grappler’s CMB + spell level), or lose the spell. Grappled creatures cannot make attacks of opportunity.
     A grappled creature cannot use Stealth to hide from the creature grappling it, even if a special ability, such as hide in plain sight, would normally allow it to do so. If a grappled creature becomes invisible, through a spell or other ability, it gains a +2 circumstance bonus on its CMD to avoid being grappled, but receives no other benefit.

 STATISTICS

 Str 25, Dex 15, Con 17, Int 2, Wis 12, Cha 10

 Base Atk +6; CMB +14 (+18 grapple); CMD 26 (30 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Improved Initiative, Run, Skill Focus (Perception), Weapon Focus (claw)

 Skills Acrobatics +11, Perception +11, Stealth +7 (+11 in undergrowth)

 Racial Modifiers +4 Acrobatics, +4 Stealth (+8 in undergrowth)

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm plains or hills

 Organization solitary, pair, or pride (3–8)

 Treasure incidental

Kentrosaurus

This quadrupedal dinosaur has two rows of dorsal spikes, a spiked tail, and two more spikes projecting from its shoulders.

Often overshadowed by its more famous relative, the Stegosaurus, presents a unique silhouette on the landscapes it roams. This 15-foot long quadruped is easily distinguished by two prominent bony spikes jutting out from its shoulders, a testament to nature's intricate designs for defense. Its body is further adorned with two rows of dorsal spikes, giving it a serrated appearance that deters even the bravest predators. At 15 feet long and weighing in at 2,000 pounds, this herbivore may be smaller in stature but the spiked tail it wields can deliver a blow as devastating as any of its larger kin.

CR 5 XP 1,600 

 N Large animal 

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +6; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +11

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 19, touch 11, flat-footed 17 (+2 Dex, +8 natural, –1 size) 

 hp 52 (7d8+21) 

 Fort +8, Ref +7, Will +3 

 Defensive Abilities defensive spikes 

 OFFENSE 

 Speed 40 ft. 

 Melee tail +12 (2d6+10/×3) 

 Space 10 ft.; Reach 10 ft. 

 Special Attacks impaling strike 

 STATISTICS 

 Str 25, Dex 14, Con 17, Int 2, Wis 13, Cha 10 

 Base Atk +5; CMB +13 (+15 overrun); CMD 25 (27 vs. overrun, 29 vs. trip) 

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Improved Initiative, Improved Overrun, Power Attack, Weapon Focus (tail) 

 Skills Perception +11 

 ECOLOGY 

 Environment warm plains 

 Organization solitary, pair, or herd (3–12) 

 Treasure none 

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Defensive Spikes (Ex) At the end of its turn, a kentrosaurus can crouch down and splay its back and shoulder spikes. It cannot make attacks of opportunity when using its defensive spikes in this way, but until its next turn any creature that attacks the kentrosaurus with light or one-handed melee weapons, natural weapons, or unarmed strikes takes 1d6 points of piercing damage unless it succeeds at a DC 15 Reflex saving throw. The save DC is Dexterity-based.

 Impaling Strike (Ex) A kentrosaurus’s tail is a primary attack that deals piercing damage and has a ×3 critical damage multiplier.

Styracosaurus

This bulky, four-legged dinosaur has a long nasal horn and a crest studded with additional horns sweeping back from its skull.

The styracosaurus is a bulky dinosaur with a solid frame and a very distinctive skull—a horned frill extends back from its head, protecting its neck and serving as a highly effective natural weapon that allows it to make attacks of opportunity. It is notorious for its ill temper, savagely attacking any creature that it perceives as a threat or even as an irritant. A styracosaurus is 18 feet long and weighs nearly 3 tons.

CR 5 XP 1,600

 N Large animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +1; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +11

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE

 AC 19, touch 10, flat-footed 18 (+1 Dex, +9 natural, –1 size)

 hp 52 (7d8+21)

 Fort +10, Ref +6, Will +5

 Defensive Abilities ferocity

 Ferocity (Ex) This creature remains conscious and can continue fighting even if its hit point total is below 0. The creature is still staggered and loses 1 hit point each round. A creature with ferocity still dies when its hit point total reaches a negative amount equal to its Constitution score.
     A staggered creature may take a single move action or standard action each round (but not both, nor can it take full-round actions). A staggered creature can still take free, swift, and immediate actions. A creature with nonlethal damage exactly equal to its current hit points gains the staggered condition.

 OFFENSE

 Speed 40 ft.

 Melee gore +11 (2d8+9)

 Space 10 ft.; Reach 5 ft.

 Special Attacks powerful charge (gore, 4d8+9), reflexive strike

 Powerful Charge (Ex) When this creature charges, its attack deals extra damage in addition to the normal benefits and hazards of a charge. The attack and the damage from the attack are given in the creature’s description.

 STATISTICS 

 Str 22, Dex 13, Con 17, Int 2, Wis 12, Cha 7

 Base Atk +5; CMB +12; CMD 23 (27 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Combat Reflexes, Great Fortitude, Iron Will, Power Attack, Weapon Focus (gore)

 Skills Perception +11

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm plains

 Organization solitary, pair, or herd (3–16)

 Treasure none

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Reflexive Strike (Ex) A styracosaurus can make three additional attacks of opportunity each round—combined with its bonus Combat Reflexes feat, this allows the dinosaur to make up to five of these attacks of opportunity per round. The dinosaur makes these attacks with its horned crest, but they are treated as normal gore attacks.

Ankylosaurus

Thick bony plates armor the domelike back of this quadrupedal dinosaur, its powerfully muscled tail ending in a bony club.

The ankylosaurus is a powerful, squat dinosaur more than capable of defending itself against enemies. Its back is heavily armored with thick bony plates and spikes. A solid blow from an ankylosaurus’s tail can leave most creatures stunned long enough for the armored dinosaur to make good an escape, although once confronted, most ankylosauruses are too ill-tempered and stubborn to flee. Instead, they stand their ground and use their tails to great effect in battle. An ankylosaurus is 30 feet long and weighs 6,000 pounds.

CR 6 XP 2,400

 N Huge animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +0; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +14 

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 22, touch 8, flat-footed 22 (+14 natural, –2 size)

 hp 75 (10d8+30)

 Fort +12, Ref +7, Will +4

 OFFENSE

 Speed 30 ft.

 Melee tail +14 (3d6+12 plus stun)

 Space 15 ft.; Reach 15 ft.

 STATISTICS

 Str 27, Dex 10, Con 17, Int 2, Wis 13, Cha 8

 Base Atk +7; CMB +17; CMD 27 (31 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Great Fortitude, Improved Bull Rush, Improved Overrun, Power Attack, Weapon Focus (tail)

 Skills Perception +14

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm forests and plains

 Organization solitary, pair, or herd (3–12)

 Treasure none

 SPECIAL ABILITIES 

 Stun (Ex) The ankylosaurus’s tail can deliver a powerful, stunning blow. A creature struck by this attack must make a DC 23 save or be dazed for 1 round. If the strike is a critical hit and the target fails its save, it is instead stunned for 1d4 rounds. The save DC is Strength-based.

Megapon Ant

This enormous ant has vicious mandibles and a dripping stinger, and looks large enough to devour a horse.

A colossal insect native to the warm plains, boasts a size comparable to a small cart, equipped with vicious mandibles and a venomous stinger large enough to threaten even the most formidable foes. Despite its imposing stature, it moves with surprising agility, able to rapidly traverse terrains both horizontally and vertically. Its robust exoskeleton offers impressive protection, making it a resilient hunter and defender. Their remarkable strength allows them to carry thrice their expected weight, making them both terrifying predators and efficient gatherers. Giant ants are as industrious as their normal-sized kin. While their nests generally don’t consist of thousands, their greatly increased size more than compensates.

CR 6 XP 2,400 

 N Huge vermin 

     Vermin includes insects, arachnids, other arthropods, worms, and similar invertebrates. Vermin have the following traits (unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry). 
   • Mindless: No Intelligence score, and immunity to all mind-affecting effects (charms, compulsions, morale effects, patterns, and phantasms).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only.
   • Proficient with no armor.
   • Vermin breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init –1; Senses darkvision 60 ft., scent; Perception +1

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     Darkvision is the extraordinary ability to see with no light source at all, out to a range specified. Darkvision is black-and-white only (colors cannot be discerned). It does not allow creatures to see anything that they could not see otherwise—invisible objects are still invisible, and illusions are still visible as what they seem to be. Likewise, darkvision subjects a creature to gaze attacks normally. The presence of light does not spoil darkvision.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 19, touch 7, flat-footed 19 (–1 Dex, +12 natural, –2 size) 

 hp 75 (6d8+48) 

 Fort +12, Ref +1, Will +3

 Immune mind-affecting effects 

     A creature with immunities takes no damage from listed sources. Immunities can also apply to afflictions, conditions, spells (based on school, level, or save type), and other effects. A creature that is immune does not suffer from these effects, or any secondary effects that are triggered due to an immune effect.

 OFFENSE 

 Speed 50 ft., climb 20 ft. 

     A creature with a Climb speed has a +8 racial bonus on all Climb checks. The creature must make a Climb check to climb any wall or slope with a DC higher than 0, but it can always choose to take 10, even if rushed or threatened while climbing. If a creature with a climb speed chooses an accelerated climb, it moves at double its climb speed (or at it's land speed, whichever is slower) and makes a single Climb check at a -5 penalty. Such a creature retains its Dexterity bonus to Armor Class (if any) while climbing, and opponents get no special bonus to their attacks against it. It cannot, however, use the run action while climbing.

 Melee bite +10 (2d6+8 plus grab), sting +10 (1d8+8 plus poison) 

 Grab (Ex) If this creature hits with the indicated attack it deals normal damage and attempts to start a grapple as a free action without provoking an attack of opportunity. The creature has the option to conduct the grapple normally, or simply use the part of its body it used in the grab to hold the opponent. If it chooses to do the latter, it takes a –20 penalty on its CMB check to make and maintain the grapple, but does not gain the grappled condition itself. A successful hold does not deal any extra damage unless the creature also has the constrict special attack. If the creature does not constrict, each successful grapple check it makes during successive rounds automatically deals the damage indicated for the attack that established the hold. Otherwise, it deals constriction damage as well (the amount is given in the creature’s descriptive text).
     Creatures with the grab special attack receive a +4 bonus on combat maneuver checks made to start and maintain a grapple.
     Unless otherwise noted, grab can only be used against targets of a size equal to or smaller than the creature with this ability. If the creature can use grab on creatures of other sizes, it is noted in the creature’s Special Attacks line.
     A grappled creature is restrained by a creature, trap, or effect. Grappled creatures cannot move and take a –4 penalty to Dexterity. A grappled creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls and combat maneuver checks, except those made to grapple or escape a grapple. In addition, grappled creatures can take no action that requires two hands to perform. A grappled character who attempts to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability must make a concentration check (DC 10 + grappler’s CMB + spell level), or lose the spell. Grappled creatures cannot make attacks of opportunity.
     A grappled creature cannot use Stealth to hide from the creature grappling it, even if a special ability, such as hide in plain sight, would normally allow it to do so. If a grappled creature becomes invisible, through a spell or other ability, it gains a +2 circumstance bonus on its CMD to avoid being grappled, but receives no other benefit.

 Space 15 ft.; Reach 10 ft. 

 STATISTICS 

 Str 26, Dex 8, Con 25, Int —, Wis 13, Cha 11 

 Base Atk +4; CMB +14 (+18 grapple); CMD 23 (31 vs. trip) 

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Snatch, Toughness

 Skills Climb +16 

 SQ carry off 

 ECOLOGY 

 Environment warm plains 

 Organization solitary, pair, column (3–10) 

 Treasure none 

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Carry Off (Ex) Megapon ants’ carrying capacity is triple normal.

 Poison (Ex) Sting—injury; save Fort DC 20; frequency 1/round for 6 rounds; effect 1d6 Str; cure 2 consecutive saves.

Allosaurus

This bipedal dinosaur has a mouth filled with sharp teeth and short, powerful arms that end in sharp claws.

The allosaurus is a fearsome predator that dominates the vast savannahs and open plains, standing out as a nightmare to many of the land's creatures. With a sleek yet powerful build, this colossal beast measures an impressive 30 feet in length and boasts a weight of 10,000 pounds, making it one of the top contenders in its environment. Its razor-sharp teeth and formidable claws are testament to its predatory nature, ensuring that few creatures dare to challenge it. This swift hunter possesses keen eyesight and an acute sense of smell, attributes that, combined with its remarkable speed, make it an unstoppable force when on the prowl. While many creatures graze the plains in peace, the mere sight or sound of an approaching allosaurus sends them scattering in fear. The allosaurus's fearsome reputation is well-earned, as few can match its hunting prowess or escape its deadly grip once targeted. An allosaurus measures 30 feet in length and weighs 10,000 pounds.

CR 7 XP 3,200

 N Huge animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +5; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +28

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE

 AC 19, touch 9, flat-footed 18 (+1 Dex, +10 natural, –2 size)

 hp 93 (11d8+44)

 Fort +11, Ref +8, Will +7

 OFFENSE

 Speed 50 ft.

 Melee bite +14 (2d6+8/19–20 plus grab), 2 claws +4 (1d8+8)

 Grab (Ex) If this creature hits with the indicated attack it deals normal damage and attempts to start a grapple as a free action without provoking an attack of opportunity. The creature has the option to conduct the grapple normally, or simply use the part of its body it used in the grab to hold the opponent. If it chooses to do the latter, it takes a –20 penalty on its CMB check to make and maintain the grapple, but does not gain the grappled condition itself. A successful hold does not deal any extra damage unless the creature also has the constrict special attack. If the creature does not constrict, each successful grapple check it makes during successive rounds automatically deals the damage indicated for the attack that established the hold. Otherwise, it deals constriction damage as well (the amount is given in the creature’s descriptive text).
     Creatures with the grab special attack receive a +4 bonus on combat maneuver checks made to start and maintain a grapple.
     Unless otherwise noted, grab can only be used against targets of a size equal to or smaller than the creature with this ability. If the creature can use grab on creatures of other sizes, it is noted in the creature’s Special Attacks line.
     A grappled creature is restrained by a creature, trap, or effect. Grappled creatures cannot move and take a –4 penalty to Dexterity. A grappled creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls and combat maneuver checks, except those made to grapple or escape a grapple. In addition, grappled creatures can take no action that requires two hands to perform. A grappled character who attempts to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability must make a concentration check (DC 10 + grappler’s CMB + spell level), or lose the spell. Grappled creatures cannot make attacks of opportunity.
     A grappled creature cannot use Stealth to hide from the creature grappling it, even if a special ability, such as hide in plain sight, would normally allow it to do so. If a grappled creature becomes invisible, through a spell or other ability, it gains a +2 circumstance bonus on its CMD to avoid being grappled, but receives no other benefit.

 Space 15 ft.; Reach 15 ft.

 Special Attacks pounce, rake (2 talons +14, 1d8+8)

 Pounce (Ex) When this creature makes a charge, it can make a full attack with any weapons it has (including rake attacks if the creature also has the rake ability). It maintains this ability even when subject to the slow spell, and the full attack on a pounce still receives the extra attack from haste.

 Rake (Ex) This creature gains extra natural attacks under certain conditions, typically when it grapples its foe. In addition to the options available to all grapplers, a monster with the rake ability gains two free claw attacks that it can use only against a grappled foe. The bonus and damage caused by these attacks is included in the creature’s description. A monster with the rake ability must begin its turn already grappling to use its rake—it can’t begin a grapple and rake in the same turn.
     A grappled creature is restrained by a creature, trap, or effect. Grappled creatures cannot move and take a –4 penalty to Dexterity. A grappled creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls and combat maneuver checks, except those made to grapple or escape a grapple. In addition, grappled creatures can take no action that requires two hands to perform. A grappled character who attempts to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability must make a concentration check (DC 10 + grappler’s CMB + spell level), or lose the spell. Grappled creatures cannot make attacks of opportunity.
     A grappled creature cannot use Stealth to hide from the creature grappling it, even if a special ability, such as hide in plain sight, would normally allow it to do so. If a grappled creature becomes invisible, through a spell or other ability, it gains a +2 circumstance bonus on its CMD to avoid being grappled, but receives no other benefit.

 STATISTICS 

 Str 26, Dex 13, Con 19, Int 2, Wis 15, Cha 10

 Base Atk +8; CMB +18; CMD 29

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Alertness, Improved Critical (bite), Improved Initiative, Iron Will, Nimble Moves, Run

 Skills Perception +28

 Racial Modifiers +8 Perception

 ECOLOGY

 Environment temperate or warm forests or plains

 Organization solitary, pair, or pack (3–6)

 Treasure None

Elephant

These thick-skinned animals bear large ivory tusks flanking a long, prehensile snout.

These large land animals, majestically wandering the plains in tightly knit family herds, are symbols of wisdom and strength. Having few natural predators, elephants are sometimes hunted for their ivory tusks. These tusks often become jewelry, statuettes, and trinkets for the wealthy.

CR 7 XP 3,200

 N Huge animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +0; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +21 

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 17, touch 8, flat-footed 17 (+9 natural, –2 size)

 hp 93 (11d8+44)

 Fort +13, Ref +7, Will +6

 OFFENSE

 Speed 40 ft.

 Melee gore +16 (2d8+10), slam +16 (2d6+10)

 Space 15 ft.; Reach 10 ft.

 Special Attacks trample (2d8+15; DC 25)

 Trample (Ex) As a full-round action, this creature can attempt to overrun any creature that is at least one size category smaller than itself. This works just like the overrun combat maneuver, but the trampling creature does not need to make a check, it merely has to move over opponents in its path. Targets of a trample take an amount of damage equal to the trampling creature’s slam damage + 1-1/2 times its Str modifier. Targets of a trample can make an attack of opportunity, but at a –4 penalty. If targets forgo an attack of opportunity, they can attempt to avoid the trampling creature and receive a Reflex save to take half damage. The save DC against a creature’s trample attack is 10 + 1/2 creature’s HD + creature’s Str modifier (the exact DC is given in the creature’s descriptive text). A trampling creature can only deal trampling damage to each target once per round, no matter how many times its movement takes it over a target creature.

 STATISTICS

 Str 30, Dex 10, Con 19, Int 2, Wis 13, Cha 7

 Base Atk +8; CMB +20; CMD 30 (34 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Endurance, Great Fortitude, Improved Bull Rush, Iron Will, Power Attack, Skill Focus (Perception)

 Skills Perception +21

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm plains

 Organization solitary or herd (6–30)

 Treasure none

Megalania

This gigantic lizard has short but powerful limbs, a muscular tail, and a spiny crest that runs the length of its body.

The immense megalania is often mistaken for a dragon or dinosaur. Certainly the lizard’s aggressive attitude and deep, rumbling roars only encourage such misidentifications. Large enough to catch and eat rhinos and elephants, a megalania prefers hunting much smaller prey that it can gulp down in one greedy swallow. Humanoids are among its favorite meals. A megalania is 20 feet long and weighs 2,000 pounds.

CR 7 XP 3,200

 N Huge animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +1; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +10

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE

 AC 21, touch 9, flat-footed 20 (+1 Dex, +12 natural, –2 size)

 hp 85 (10d8+40)

 Fort +11, Ref +8, Will +7

 OFFENSE

 Speed 30 ft., swim 30 ft.

     A creature with a Swim speed can move through water at its indicated speed without making Swim checks. It gains a +8 racial bonus on any Swim check to perform a special action or avoid a hazard. The creature can always choose to take 10 on a Swim check, even if distracted or endangered when swimming. Such a creature can use the run action while swimming, provided that it swims in a straight line.

 Melee bite +14 (2d8+12 plus grab and poison)

 Grab (Ex) If this creature hits with the indicated attack it deals normal damage and attempts to start a grapple as a free action without provoking an attack of opportunity. The creature has the option to conduct the grapple normally, or simply use the part of its body it used in the grab to hold the opponent. If it chooses to do the latter, it takes a –20 penalty on its CMB check to make and maintain the grapple, but does not gain the grappled condition itself. A successful hold does not deal any extra damage unless the creature also has the constrict special attack. If the creature does not constrict, each successful grapple check it makes during successive rounds automatically deals the damage indicated for the attack that established the hold. Otherwise, it deals constriction damage as well (the amount is given in the creature’s descriptive text).
     Creatures with the grab special attack receive a +4 bonus on combat maneuver checks made to start and maintain a grapple.
     Unless otherwise noted, grab can only be used against targets of a size equal to or smaller than the creature with this ability. If the creature can use grab on creatures of other sizes, it is noted in the creature’s Special Attacks line.
     A grappled creature is restrained by a creature, trap, or effect. Grappled creatures cannot move and take a –4 penalty to Dexterity. A grappled creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls and combat maneuver checks, except those made to grapple or escape a grapple. In addition, grappled creatures can take no action that requires two hands to perform. A grappled character who attempts to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability must make a concentration check (DC 10 + grappler’s CMB + spell level), or lose the spell. Grappled creatures cannot make attacks of opportunity.
     A grappled creature cannot use Stealth to hide from the creature grappling it, even if a special ability, such as hide in plain sight, would normally allow it to do so. If a grappled creature becomes invisible, through a spell or other ability, it gains a +2 circumstance bonus on its CMD to avoid being grappled, but receives no other benefit.

 Space 15 ft.; Reach 10 ft.

 Special Attacks swallow whole (2d8+12 bludgeoning damage, AC 16, 8 hp)

 Swallow Whole (Ex) If this creature begins its turn with an opponent grappled in its mouth (see Grab), it can attempt a new combat maneuver check (as though attempting to pin the opponent). If it succeeds, it swallows its prey, and the opponent takes bite damage. Unless otherwise noted, the opponent can be up to one size category smaller than the swallowing creature. Being swallowed causes a creature to take damage each round. The amount and type of damage varies and is given in the creature’s statistics. A swallowed creature keeps the grappled condition, while the creature that did the swallowing does not. A swallowed creature can try to cut its way free with any light slashing or piercing weapon (the amount of cutting damage required to get free is equal to 1/10 the creature’s total hit points), or it can just try to escape the grapple. The Armor Class of the interior of a creature that swallows whole is normally 10 + 1/2 its natural armor bonus, with no modifiers for size or Dexterity. If a swallowed creature cuts its way out, the swallowing creature cannot use  swallow whole again until the damage is healed. If the swallowed creature escapes the grapple, success puts it back in the attacker’s mouth, where it may be bitten or swallowed again.
     If this creature hits with the indicated attack it deals normal damage and attempts to start a grapple as a free action without provoking an attack of opportunity. The creature has the option to conduct the grapple normally, or simply use the part of its body it used in the grab to hold the opponent. If it chooses to do the latter, it takes a –20 penalty on its CMB check to make and maintain the grapple, but does not gain the grappled condition itself. A successful hold does not deal any extra damage unless the creature also has the constrict special attack. If the creature does not constrict, each successful grapple check it makes during successive rounds automatically deals the damage indicated for the attack that established the hold. Otherwise, it deals constriction damage as well (the amount is given in the creature’s descriptive text).
     Creatures with the grab special attack receive a +4 bonus on combat maneuver checks made to start and maintain a grapple.
     Unless otherwise noted, grab can only be used against targets of a size equal to or smaller than the creature with this ability. If the creature can use grab on creatures of other sizes, it is noted in the creature’s Special Attacks line.
     A grappled creature is restrained by a creature, trap, or effect. Grappled creatures cannot move and take a –4 penalty to Dexterity. A grappled creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls and combat maneuver checks, except those made to grapple or escape a grapple. In addition, grappled creatures can take no action that requires two hands to perform. A grappled character who attempts to cast a spell or use a spell-like ability must make a concentration check (DC 10 + grappler’s CMB + spell level), or lose the spell. Grappled creatures cannot make attacks of opportunity.
     A grappled creature cannot use Stealth to hide from the creature grappling it, even if a special ability, such as hide in plain sight, would normally allow it to do so. If a grappled creature becomes invisible, through a spell or other ability, it gains a +2 circumstance bonus on its CMD to avoid being grappled, but receives no other benefit.

 STATISTICS 

 Str 27, Dex 13, Con 19, Int 2, Wis 14, Cha 6

 Base Atk +7; CMB +17; CMD 28 (32 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Iron Will, Lunge, Skill Focus (Perception), Skill Focus (Stealth), Weapon Focus (bite)

 Skills Climb +12, Perception +10, Stealth +10 (+14 in rocks or undergrowth), Swim +16

 Racial Modifiers +4 Stealth (+8 in rocks or undergrowth)

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm forests or plains

 Organization solitary, pair, or pack (3–12)

 Treasure none

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Poison (Ex) Bite—injury; save Fort DC 19; frequency 1/round for 6 rounds; effect 1d4 Dex damage; cure 2 consecutive saves.

Stegosaurus

This huge dinosaur has a small head, twin rows of sharp dorsal plates, and a muscular tail terminating in a set of bony spikes.

This herbivorous behemoth roams the open landscapes, casting an impressive shadow over the shorter flora beneath its bulk. The twin rows of large, upright dorsal plates not only serve as a striking visual marker that have multiple functions, including thermoregulation and a display to assert dominance or attract mates. These plates, combined with the formidable quartet of sharp spikes adorning its tail, ensure that even the most audacious predators hesitate before considering the Stegosaurus as prey. A typical adult is 30 feet long, 14 feet tall, and weighs 5,000 pounds.

CR 7 XP 3,200

 N Huge animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +6; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +16 

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 22, touch 10, flat-footed 20 (+2 Dex, +12 natural, –2 size)

 hp 90 (12d8+36)

 Fort +13, Ref +10, Will +5

 OFFENSE

 Speed 30 ft.

 Melee tail +16 (4d6+12 plus trip)

 Space 15 ft.; Reach 15 ft.

 STATISTICS

 Str 27, Dex 14, Con 17, Int 2, Wis 13, Cha 10

 Base Atk +9; CMB +19; CMD 31 (35 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Cleave, Great Fortitude, Improved Initiative, Improved Overrun, Power Attack, Weapon Focus (tail)

 Skills Perception +16

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm plains

 Organization solitary, pair, or herd (3–12)

 Treasure none

Goliath Stag Beetle

This massive beetle is the size of a small house. Its immense, horn-like mandibles clash with a hungry fervor.

Making its home in tropical and subtropical forests across the globe, the goliath beetle is among the largest species of giant beetle. While its diminutive cousins are primarily herbivores, the goliath stag beetle is carnivorous, hunting herd animals, humanoids, and even giants with ease. They typically use their trample attack against creatures smaller than themselves, returning after this punishing assault to pick off anything that’s still moving with swift and deadly bites. A goliath stag beetle is 25 feet long and weighs 8,000 pounds.

CR 8 XP 4,800

 N Huge vermin

     Vermin includes insects, arachnids, other arthropods, worms, and similar invertebrates. Vermin have the following traits (unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry). 
   • Mindless: No Intelligence score, and immunity to all mind-affecting effects (charms, compulsions, morale effects, patterns, and phantasms).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only.
   • Proficient with no armor.
   • Vermin breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +0; Senses darkvision 60 ft.; Perception +0

     Darkvision is the extraordinary ability to see with no light source at all, out to a range specified. Darkvision is black-and-white only (colors cannot be discerned). It does not allow creatures to see anything that they could not see otherwise—invisible objects are still invisible, and illusions are still visible as what they seem to be. Likewise, darkvision subjects a creature to gaze attacks normally. The presence of light does not spoil darkvision.

 DEFENSE

 AC 21, touch 8, flat-footed 21 (+13 natural, –2 size)

 hp 104 (11d8+55)

 Fort +12, Ref +3, Will +3 

 Immune mind-affecting effects

     A creature with immunities takes no damage from listed sources. Immunities can also apply to afflictions, conditions, spells (based on school, level, or save type), and other effects. A creature that is immune does not suffer from these effects, or any secondary effects that are triggered due to an immune effect.

 OFFENSE

 Speed 30 ft., fly 30 ft. (poor)

     A creature with a Fly speed can cease or resume flight as a free action on their turn. Without making a check, a flying creature can remain flying at the end of its turn so long as it moves a distance greater than half its speed. It can also turn up to 45 degrees during its turn by sacrificing 5 feet of movement, can rise at half speed at an angle of 45 degrees (ignoring the penalty for diagonal movement), and can descend at any angle at normal speed. At the beginning of their turn a flying creature can move in a different direction than they did previously without needing a Fly check.
     A creature with a natural fly speed receives a bonus (or penalty) on Fly skill checks depending on its maneuverability:
 • Clumsy –8
 • Poor –4
 • Average +0
 • Good +4
 • Perfect +8
     Creatures without a maneuverability rating are assumed to have average maneuverability and take no penalty on Fly checks. These modifiers are already included in the creature’s statblock.

 Melee bite +17 (3d8+16)

 Space 15 ft.; Reach 10 ft.

 Special Attacks trample (3d8+16, DC 26)

 Trample (Ex) As a full-round action, this creature can attempt to overrun any creature that is at least one size category smaller than itself. This works just like the overrun combat maneuver, but the trampling creature does not need to make a check, it merely has to move over opponents in its path. Targets of a trample take an amount of damage equal to the trampling creature’s slam damage + 1-1/2 times its Str modifier. Targets of a trample can make an attack of opportunity, but at a –4 penalty. If targets forgo an attack of opportunity, they can attempt to avoid the trampling creature and receive a Reflex save to take half damage. The save DC against a creature’s trample attack is 10 + 1/2 creature’s HD + creature’s Str modifier (the exact DC is given in the creature’s descriptive text). A trampling creature can only deal trampling damage to each target once per round, no matter how many times its movement takes it over a target creature.

 STATISTICS 

 Str 32, Dex 10, Con 21, Int —, Wis 10, Cha 4

 Base Atk +8; CMB +21; CMD 31 (39 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Skills Fly –8

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm forests or plains

 Organization solitary, pair, or herd (3–8)

 Treasure none

Triceratops

This beast’s armored head has three sharp horns decorating its face and a large round crest angling back over its neck from its skull.

This stout four-legged beast boasts two imposing horns sprouting from above its eyes, with a shorter horn on its snout, crafting a formidable appearance. These horns, combined with its solid bony frill, serve both as a means of defense against predators and as tools for intraspecies combat during mating displays or territorial disputes. Its thick, rough hide offers further protection against potential adversaries. Although a herbivore, feeding primarily on low-lying plants with its powerful beaked mouth, the triceratops is far from docile. Its irritable nature means that when threatened, it's more inclined to charge head-first into a confrontation rather than retreat. Commanding respect from both its fellow herbivores and potential predators, the triceratops is a true titan of its domain. A typical triceratops is 30 feet long and weighs 20,000 pounds.

CR 8 XP 4,800

 N Huge animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init –1; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +24 

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 21, touch 7, flat-footed 21 (–1 Dex, +14 natural, –2 size)

 hp 119 (14d8+56)

 Fort +15, Ref +8, Will +5

 OFFENSE

 Speed 30 ft.

 Melee gore +17 (2d10+12)

 Space 15 ft.; Reach 15 ft.

 Special Attacks powerful charge (gore, 4d10+16), trample (1d8+12, DC 25)

 Powerful Charge (Ex) When this creature charges, its attack deals extra damage in addition to the normal benefits and hazards of a charge. The attack and the damage from the attack are given in the creature’s description.

 Trample (Ex) As a full-round action, this creature can attempt to overrun any creature that is at least one size category smaller than itself. This works just like the overrun combat maneuver, but the trampling creature does not need to make a check, it merely has to move over opponents in its path. Targets of a trample take an amount of damage equal to the trampling creature’s slam damage + 1-1/2 times its Str modifier. Targets of a trample can make an attack of opportunity, but at a –4 penalty. If targets forgo an attack of opportunity, they can attempt to avoid the trampling creature and receive a Reflex save to take half damage. The save DC against a creature’s trample attack is 10 + 1/2 creature’s HD + creature’s Str modifier (the exact DC is given in the creature’s descriptive text). A trampling creature can only deal trampling damage to each target once per round, no matter how many times its movement takes it over a target creature.

 STATISTICS

 Str 26, Dex 9, Con 19, Int 2, Wis 12, Cha 7

 Base Atk +10; CMB +20; CMD 29 (33 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Great Fortitude, Improved Bull Rush, Improved Critical, Power Attack, Run, Skill Focus (Perception), Weapon Focus (gore)

 Skills Perception +24

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm plains

 Organization solitary, pair, or herd (5–8)

 Treasure none

Brachiosaurus

A long tail counterbalances this reptile’s equally long neck, at the end of which a relatively small head pulls food from the treetop.

The brachiosaurus stands as a giant among dinosaurs, its impressive stature towering above the prehistoric landscape. Its long neck stretches upwards like a living crane, allowing it to graze on treetops that other herbivores can't reach. Unlike many of its four-legged contemporaries, the brachiosaurus has longer front legs than its hind legs, giving its body a unique, sloping appearance. This gentle giant is not heavily armored or aggressive, but its sheer size deters many would-be predators. While not as combative as many other dinosaurs, a brachiosaurus can still defend itself with powerful stomps and tail swings when threatened. A mature brachiosaurus is 80 feet long and weighs 32 tons.

CR 10 XP 9,600

 N Gargantuan animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +0; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +28 

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 18, touch 6, flat-footed 18 (+12 natural, –4 size)

 hp 171 (18d8+90)

 Fort +18, Ref +11, Will +9

 OFFENSE

 Speed 30 ft.

 Melee tail +22 (4d6+19)

 Space 20 ft.; Reach 20 ft. 

 Special Attack trample (2d6+19, DC 32)

 Trample (Ex) As a full-round action, this creature can attempt to overrun any creature that is at least one size category smaller than itself. This works just like the overrun combat maneuver, but the trampling creature does not need to make a check, it merely has to move over opponents in its path. Targets of a trample take an amount of damage equal to the trampling creature’s slam damage + 1-1/2 times its Str modifier. Targets of a trample can make an attack of opportunity, but at a –4 penalty. If targets forgo an attack of opportunity, they can attempt to avoid the trampling creature and receive a Reflex save to take half damage. The save DC against a creature’s trample attack is 10 + 1/2 creature’s HD + creature’s Str modifier (the exact DC is given in the creature’s descriptive text). A trampling creature can only deal trampling damage to each target once per round, no matter how many times its movement takes it over a target creature.

 STATISTICS

 Str 37, Dex 10, Con 21, Int 2, Wis 13, Cha 10

 Base Atk +13; CMB +30; CMD 40 (44 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Cleave, Great Cleave, Great Fortitude, Greater Overrun, Improved Bull Rush, Iron Will, Power Attack, Skill Focus (Perception), Weapon Focus (tail)

 Skills Perception +28

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm forests or plains

 Organization solitary, pair, or herd (3–12)

 Treasure none

Therizinosaurus

This feathered bipedal saurian looks somewhat comical—save for its outlandish sword-sized claws.

At first glance, this dinosaur’s massive claws may well convince observers that it is a predator, but the therizinosaurus is in fact an omnivore. Nonetheless, the therizinosaurus has a foul temper and is both easily angered and difficult to spook. With its deep-cutting claws, the therizinosaurus is more than a match for even the mightiest of predatory dinosaurs. A therizinosaurus is 35 feet long and weighs 13,000 pounds.

CR 10 XP 9,600 

 N Gargantuan animal 

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +7; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +25

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 24, touch 9, flat-footed 21 (+3 Dex, +15 natural, –4 size) 

 hp 133 (14d8+70) 

 Fort +14, Ref +12, Will +8 

 OFFENSE 

 Speed 40 ft.; sprint 

 Melee 2 claws +17 (4d6+10/15–20 plus 1d6 bleed) 

 Space 20 ft.; Reach 20 ft. 

 Special Attacks bleed (1d6), sweeping strike, vicious claws 

 Bleed (Ex) This creature causes wounds that continue to bleed, inflicting additional damage each round at the start of the affected creature’s turn. The amount of damage each round is determined in the creature’s entry.
     A creature that is taking bleed damage takes the listed amount of damage at the beginning of its turn. If bleed damage is expressed as a die roll the damage is rerolled for each round. Bleeding can be stopped by a DC 15 Heal check or through the application of any spell that cures hit point damage (even if the bleed is ability damage). Some bleed effects cause ability damage or even ability drain. Bleed effects do not stack with each other unless they deal different kinds of damage. When two or more bleed effects deal the same kind of damage, take the worse effect. In this case, ability drain is worse than ability damage.

 STATISTICS 

 Str 30, Dex 17, Con 20, Int 2, Wis 15, Cha 11 

 Base Atk +10; CMB +24; CMD 37 

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Improved Critical (claw), Improved Initiative, Iron Will, Run, Skill Focus (Perception), Vital Strike, Weapon Focus (claw) 

 Skills Perception +25 

 ECOLOGY 

 Environment warm plains 

 Organization solitary, pair, or flock (3–8) 

 Treasure none 

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Sprint (Ex) Once per hour, a therizinosaurus can move at 10 times its normal speed (400 feet) when it makes a charge.  

 Sweeping Strike (Ex) As a full-round action, a therizinosaurus can hunker down and make a great, sweeping attack with its claws against up to four adjacent foes. The dinosaur makes an attack roll against each target, inflicting claw damage on a successful hit.

 Vicious Claws (Ex) A therizinosaurus’s claws threaten a critical hit on an 18–20.

Diplodocus

This enormous, long-necked quadruped moves with an uncanny grace, holding its lengthy, whiplike tail out level behind it.

The landscape seems to sway and shift as this gentle giant moves, its massive feet creating deep impressions in the soft earth. While its incredible size already demands respect, it is the diplodocus’s tremendously powerful whiplike tail that truly astonishes those who witness it. Not just an extension of its majestic form, this tail serves as both a tool and a weapon. Whether being used to maintain balance, communicate with other members of its herd, or defend against predators, it can strike with swift and unerring force. Despite its calm herbivorous nature, the potential devastation of its tail ensures that even the most audacious of predators think twice before approaching. The diplodocus is one of the longest dinosaurs, capable of reaching lengths of 100 feet or more. Much of this length is taken up by the diplodocus’s tremendously powerful whiplike tail, a devastating weapon capable of striking at a considerable range.

CR 12 XP 19,200

 N Colossal animal

     An Animal is a living, nonhuman creature, usually a vertebrate with no magical abilities and no innate capacity for language or culture. Animals usually have additional information on how they can serve as companions. An animal has the following traits unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry.
   • Intelligence score of 1 or 2 (no creature with an Intelligence score of 3 or higher can be an animal).
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only. A noncombative herbivore treats its natural weapons as secondary attacks. Such attacks are made with a –5 penalty on the creature’s attack rolls, and the animal receives only 1/2 its Strength modifier as a damage adjustment.
   • Proficient with no armor unless trained for war.
   • Animals breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +6; Senses low-light vision, scent; Perception +32

     Scent allows a creature to detect approaching enemies, sniff out hidden foes, and track by sense of smell. Creatures with the scent ability can identify familiar odors just as humans do familiar sights.
     The creature can detect opponents within 30 feet by sense of smell. If the opponent is upwind, the range increases to 60 feet; if downwind, it drops to 15 feet. Strong scents, such as smoke or rotting garbage, can be detected at twice the ranges noted above. Overpowering scents, such as skunk musk or troglodyte stench, can be detected at triple normal range.
     When a creature detects a scent, the exact location of the source is not revealed—only its presence somewhere within range. The creature can take a move action to note the direction of the scent. When the creature is within 5 feet of the source, it pinpoints the source’s location. This does not allow the creature to ignore any miss chance for concealment that would otherwise apply.
     A creature with the scent ability can follow tracks by smell, making a Wisdom (or Survival) check to find or follow a track. The typical DC for a fresh trail is 10 (no matter what kind of surface holds the scent). This DC increases or decreases depending on how strong the quarry’s odor is, the number of creatures, and the age of the trail. For each hour that the trail is cold, the DC increases by 2. The ability otherwise follows the rules for the Survival skill. Creatures tracking by scent ignore the effects of surface conditions and poor visibility.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE

 AC 25, touch 4, flat-footed 23 (+2 Dex, +21 natural, –8 size)

 hp 190 (20d8+100)

 Fort +17, Ref +14, Will +11

 OFFENSE

 Speed 30 ft.

 Melee 2 tail lashes +22 (4d6+15/19–20)

 Space 30 ft.; Reach 60 ft.

 Special Attacks trample (2d8+22, DC 35)

 Trample (Ex) As a full-round action, this creature can attempt to overrun any creature that is at least one size category smaller than itself. This works just like the overrun combat maneuver, but the trampling creature does not need to make a check, it merely has to move over opponents in its path. Targets of a trample take an amount of damage equal to the trampling creature’s slam damage + 1-1/2 times its Str modifier. Targets of a trample can make an attack of opportunity, but at a –4 penalty. If targets forgo an attack of opportunity, they can attempt to avoid the trampling creature and receive a Reflex save to take half damage. The save DC against a creature’s trample attack is 10 + 1/2 creature’s HD + creature’s Str modifier (the exact DC is given in the creature’s descriptive text). A trampling creature can only deal trampling damage to each target once per round, no matter how many times its movement takes it over a target creature.

 STATISTICS 

 Str 40, Dex 14, Con 21, Int 2, Wis 17, Cha 11

 Base Atk +15; CMB +38 (+40 bull rush); CMD 50 (52 vs. bull rush, 54 vs. trip)

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Awesome Blow, Combat Reflexes, Critical Focus, Improved Bull Rush, Improved Critical (tail lash), Improved Initiative, Iron Will, Power Attack, Skill Focus (Perception), Staggering Critical

 Skills Perception +32

 ECOLOGY

 Environment warm plains

 Organization solitary, pair, or herd (3–14)

 Treasure none

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Tail Lash (Ex) The diplodocus prefers to attack with its tail. The dinosaur can snap its incredibly long tail with surprising speed like an enormous whip—this is a primary attack that deals bludgeoning and slashing damage. A diplodocus can make two separate attacks with its tail lash as a full-attack action.

Papinijuwari

This imposing one-eyed giant wears fragments of crude armor and a breechcloth adorned with skulls. Its breath reeks of pestilence.

Racing across the skies and preying on diseased humanoids of all kinds, the merciless, cyclopean papinijuwaris are the hated cousins of cloud giants. Even evil cloud giants regard papinijuwaris with disdain, as their hunting practices offend the more “refined” giants’ delicate sensibilities. Papinijuwaris are agents of death and pestilence, feeding off of the suffering they help to spread. In some humanoid cultures, the sight of a shooting star heralds the arrival of the dreaded papinijuwaris, who invisibly stalk through settlements at night, hastening the progression of diseases. A full-grown papinijuwari stands about 20 feet tall and weighs nearly 6,000 pounds.

CR 13 XP 25,600 

 NE Huge humanoid (giant) 

     A Humanoid usually has two arms, two legs, and one head, or a human-like torso, arms, and a head. Humanoids have few or no supernatural or extraordinary abilities, but most can speak and usually have well-developed societies. They are usually Small or Medium (with the exception of giants). Every humanoid creature also has a specific subtype to match its race, such as human, giant, goblinoid, reptilian, or tengu.
     A humanoid possesses the following traits (unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry).
   • Proficient with all simple weapons, or by character class.
   • Proficient with whatever type of armor (light, medium, or heavy) it is described as wearing, or by character class. If a humanoid does not have a class and wears armor, it is proficient with that type of armor and all lighter types. Humanoids not indicated as wearing armor are not proficient with armor. Humanoids are proficient with shields if they are proficient with any form of armor.
   • Humanoids breathe, eat, and sleep.

 Init +8; Senses darkvision 120 ft., low-light vision, sense decay; Perception +4

     Darkvision is the extraordinary ability to see with no light source at all, out to a range specified. Darkvision is black-and-white only (colors cannot be discerned). It does not allow creatures to see anything that they could not see otherwise—invisible objects are still invisible, and illusions are still visible as what they seem to be. Likewise, darkvision subjects a creature to gaze attacks normally. The presence of light does not spoil darkvision.

     A creature with low-light vision can see twice as far as a human in starlight, moonlight, torchlight, and similar conditions of dim light. It retains the ability to distinguish color and detail under these conditions.

 DEFENSE 

 AC 28, touch 11, flat-footed 25 (+8 armor, +3 Dex, +9 natural, –2 size) 

 hp 187 (15d8+120) 

 Fort +17, Ref +11, Will +11

 Immune disease, poison 

     A creature with immunities takes no damage from listed sources. Immunities can also apply to afflictions, conditions, spells (based on school, level, or save type), and other effects. A creature that is immune does not suffer from these effects, or any secondary effects that are triggered due to an immune effect.

 OFFENSE 

 Speed 20 ft., fly 60 ft. (average), shooting star 

     A creature with a Fly speed can cease or resume flight as a free action on their turn. Without making a check, a flying creature can remain flying at the end of its turn so long as it moves a distance greater than half its speed. It can also turn up to 45 degrees during its turn by sacrificing 5 feet of movement, can rise at half speed at an angle of 45 degrees (ignoring the penalty for diagonal movement), and can descend at any angle at normal speed. At the beginning of their turn a flying creature can move in a different direction than they did previously without needing a Fly check.
     A creature with a natural fly speed receives a bonus (or penalty) on Fly skill checks depending on its maneuverability:
 • Clumsy –8
 • Poor –4
 • Average +0
 • Good +4
 • Perfect +8
     Creatures without a maneuverability rating are assumed to have average maneuverability and take no penalty on Fly checks. These modifiers are already included in the creature’s statblock.

 Melee club +25/+20/+15 (2d6+24) or 2 slams +25 (2d6+16) 

 Space 15 ft.; Reach 15 ft. 

 Special Attacks devour disease 

 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 10th; concentration +12) 

     Spell-like abilities are magical and work just like spells (though they are not spells and so have no verbal, somatic, focus, or material components). They go away in an antimagic field and are subject to spell resistance if the spell the ability is based on would be subject to spell resistance.
     A spell-like ability usually has a limit on how often it can be used. A constant spell-like ability or one that can be used at will has no use limit; unless otherwise stated, a creature can only use a constant spell-like ability on itself. Reactivating a constant spell-like ability is a swift action. Using all other spell-like abilities is a standard action unless noted otherwise, and doing so provokes attacks of opportunity. It is possible to make a concentration check to use a spell-like ability defensively and avoid provoking an attack of opportunity, just as when casting a spell. A spell-like ability can be disrupted just as a spell can be. Spell-like abilities cannot be used to counterspell, nor can they be counterspelled.
     For creatures with spell-like abilities, a designated caster level defines how difficult it is to dispel their spell-like effects and to define any level-dependent variables (such as range and duration) the abilities might have. The creature’s caster level never affects which spell-like abilities the creature has; sometimes the given caster level is lower than the level a spellcasting character would need to cast the spell of the same name. If no caster level is specified, the caster level is equal to the creature’s Hit Dice. The saving throw (if any) against a spell-like ability is 10 + the level of the spell the ability resembles or duplicates + the creature’s Charisma modifier.
     Some spell-like abilities duplicate spells that work differently when cast by characters of different classes. A monster’s spell-like abilities are presumed to be the sorcerer/wizard versions. If the spell in question is not a sorcerer/wizard spell, then default to cleric, druid, bard, paladin, and ranger, in that order.

 3/day—invisibility 

 STATISTICS 

 Str 42, Dex 18, Con 27, Int 17, Wis 18, Cha 15 

 Base Atk +11; CMB +29 (+31 bull rush); CMD 43 (45 vs. bull rush) 

     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.

 Feats Awesome Blow, Flyby Attack, Improved Bull Rush, Improved Initiative, Improved Iron Will, Iron Will, Lightning Reflexes, Power Attack 

 Skills Climb +31, Fly +15, Intimidate +20, Knowledge (planes) +18, Knowledge (religion) +18 

 Languages Auran, Common, Giant 

 ECOLOGY 

 Environment warm plains 

 Organization single, pair, or tribe (6–20 warriors, plus 30 noncombatants, 2 druids, 6 elders, and 1 chieftain) 

 Treasure double (+2 breastplate, other treasure) 

 SPECIAL ABILITIES

 Devour Disease (Su) As a standard action, a papinijuwari can suck the life force out of a diseased creature within 30 feet as a ranged touch attack. An affected creature must immediately succeed at a saving throw against one disease affecting it or suffer that disease’s effect. This saving throw does not count against the number of saves required to cure the disease. If it fails the saving throw, the papinijuwari gains 30 temporary hit points.

 Sense Decay (Su) A papinijuwari is under the constant effects of deathwatch, and can detect creatures currently infected by disease as if by the scent ability.

 Shooting Star (Su) As a full-round action that provokes attacks of opportunity, a papinijuwari can fly at a speed of 300 feet. The papinijuwari can use this ability only outside at night, and must be at least 500 feet above the ground to do so. It must also hold a lit torch while doing so; the torch need not be magical, and while held by the papinijuwari, the torch’s flame is not subject to mundane effects that would extinguish it, such as the wind.

Gold Dragon

Golden scales cover the body of this majestic dragon, and a regal crest of horns arches backward above wise and piercing eyes.

Gold dragons are the epitome of virtue. Other metallic dragons revere their gold cousins as the agents of divine forces and the paragons of dragonkind, and often seek them for advice or aid.

WYRMLING — VERY YOUNG — YOUNG — JUVENILE — YOUNG ADULT — ADULT — MATURE ADULT — OLD — VERY OLD — ANCIENT — WYRM — GREAT WYRM
 CR 7 XP 3,2009 XP 6,40011 XP 12,80012 XP 19,20014 XP 38,40015 XP 51,20016 XP 76,80018 XP 153,60019 XP 204,80020 XP 307,20021 XP 409,60023 XP 819,200
 LG SmallMediumLargeLargeHugeHugeHugeGargantuanGargantuanGargantuanGargantuanColossal dragon (fire) 
     A Dragon is a reptile-like creature, usually winged, with magical or unusual abilities. A dragon possesses the following traits (unless otherwise noted in a creature’s entry).
   • Immunity to magic sleep effects and paralysis effects.
   • Proficient with its natural weapons only unless humnoid in form (or capable of assuming humnoid form), in which case proficient with all simple weapons and any weapons mentioned in its entry.
   • Proficient with no armor.
   • Dragons breathe, eat, and sleep.
 Init +2+1+1+1+0+0+0–1–1–1–1–2; Senses dragon senses; Perception +152022252730323537404245
     Dragons have darkvision 120 ft. and blindsense 60 ft. They see four times as well as a human in dim light and twice as well in normal light. 
     Darkvision is the extraordinary ability to see with no light source at all, out to a range specified. Darkvision is black-and-white only (colors cannot be discerned). It does not allow creatures to see anything that they could not see otherwise—invisible objects are still invisible, and illusions are still visible as what they seem to be. Likewise, darkvision subjects a creature to gaze attacks normally. The presence of light does not spoil darkvision.
     Using extraordinary nonvisual senses, such as acute smell or hearing, a creature with blindsense notices things it cannot see. The creature usually does not need to make Perception checks to pinpoint the location of a creature within range of its blindsense ability, provided that it has line of effect to that creature. Any opponent the creature cannot see still has total concealment against the creature with blindsense, and the creature still has the normal miss chance when attacking foes that have concealment. Visibility still affects the movement of a creature with blindsense. A creature with blindsense is still denied its Dexterity bonus to Armor Class against attacks from creatures it cannot see.
 Aura frightful presence (180 ft., DC 24)
 Aura frightful presence (210 ft., DC 25)
 Aura fire aura (5 ft., 1d6 fire), frightful presence (240 ft., DC 27)
 Aura fire aura (5 ft., 1d6 fire), frightful presence (270 ft., DC 28)
 Aura fire aura (10 ft., 1d6 fire), frightful presence (0 ft., DC )
 Aura fire aura (10 ft., 1d6 fire), frightful presence (330 ft., DC 31)
 Aura fire aura (10 ft., 2d6 fire), frightful presence (360 ft., DC 33)
 Frightful Presence (Ex) This special quality makes a creature’s very presence unsettling to foes. Activating this ability is a free action that is usually part of an attack or charge. This ability can only be used once per turn. Opponents within range who witness the action may become shaken, frightened or panicked. Unless specified otherwise the range is 30 feet and the duration is 5d6 rounds. This ability affects only opponents with fewer Hit Dice than the creature has. An opponent can resist the effects with a successful Will save (DC 10 + 1/2 the frightful creature’s racial HD + the frightful creature’s Cha modifier; the exact DC is given in the creature’s descriptive text). An opponent that succeeds on the saving throw is immune to further effects from that same creature’s frightful presence for 24 hours. On a failed save, the opponent is shaken, or frightened if it is already shaken. A frightened opponent who fails their save becomes panicked instead, and any creature with 4 Hit Dice or fewer automatically becomes panicked on any failed save. Frightful presence is a mind-affecting fear effect.
     A shaken character takes a –2 penalty on attack rolls, saving throws, skill checks, and ability checks.
     A frightened creature flees from the source of its fear as best it can. If unable to flee, it may fight. A frightened creature takes a –2 penalty on all attack rolls, saving throws, skill checks, and ability checks. A frightened creature can use special abilities, including spells, to flee; indeed, the creature must use such means if they are the only way to escape. Frightened is like shaken, except that the creature must flee if possible.
     A panicked creature must drop anything it holds and flee at top speed from the source of its fear, as well as any other dangers it encounters, along a random path. It can’t take any other actions. In addition, the creature takes a –2 penalty on all saving throws, skill checks, and ability checks. If cornered, a panicked creature cowers and does not attack, typically using the total defense action in combat. A panicked creature can use special abilities, including spells, to flee; indeed, the creature must use such means if they are the only way to escape. Panicked is a more extreme state of fear than shaken or frightened.
     The character is frozen in fear and can take no actions. A cowering character takes a –2 penalty to Armor Class and loses their Dexterity bonus (if any).
 DEFENSE
 AC 20, touch 13, flat-footed 18 (+2 Dex, +7 natural, +1 size)21, touch 11, flat-footed 20 (+1 Dex, +10 natural)23, touch 10, flat-footed 22 (+1 Dex, +13 natural, –1 size)26, touch 10, flat-footed 25 (+1 Dex, +16 natural, –1 size)27, touch 8, flat-footed 27 (+19 natural, –2 size)30, touch 8, flat-footed 30 (+22 natural, –2 size)33, touch 8, flat-footed 33 (+25 natural, –2 size)33, touch 5, flat-footed 33 (–1 Dex, +28 natural, –4 size)36, touch 5, flat-footed 36 (–1 Dex, +31 natural, –4 size)39, touch 5, flat-footed 39 (–1 Dex, +34 natural, –4 size)42, touch 5, flat-footed 42 (–1 Dex, +37 natural, –4 size)40, touch 0, flat-footed 41 (–2 Dex, +40 natural, –8 size)
 hp 68 (8d12+16)95 (10d12+30)126 (12d12+48)161 (14d12+70)184 (16d12+80)225 (18d12+108)250 (20d12+120)297 (22d12+154)324 (24d12+168)377 (26d12+208)406 (28d12+224)465 (30d12+270)
 Fort +81012141517182021242426, Ref +889101011121213141515, Will +101213151618192122242527
  DR 5/magic; DR 5/magic; DR 10/magic; DR 10/magic; DR 15/magic; DR 15/magic; DR 20/magic; DR 20/magic; Immune fire, paralysis, sleep; SR 25; SR 26; SR 27; SR 29; SR 30; SR 31; SR 32; SR 34
 Weaknesses vulnerability to cold
     A dragon with DR ignores damage from most weapons and natural attacks. Wounds heal immediately, or the weapon bounces off harmlessly (in either case, the opponent knows the attack was ineffective). The dragon takes normal damage from energy attacks (even nonmagical ones), spells, spell-like abilities, and supernatural abilities. A certain kind of weapon can sometimes damage the dragon normally, as noted below. 
     The entry indicates the amount of damage ignored and the type of weapon that negates the ability. 
     Some dragons are vulnerable to piercing, bludgeoning, or slashing damage. Others are vulnerable to certain materials, such as adamantine, alchemical silver, or cold-forged iron. Attacks from weapons that are not of the correct type or made of the correct material have their damage reduced, although a high enhancement bonus can overcome some forms of damage reduction. 
     Some dragons are vulnerable to magic weapons. Any weapon with at least a +1 magical enhancement bonus on attack and damage rolls overcomes the damage reduction of these dragons. Such dragons’ natural weapons (but not their attacks with weapons) are treated as magic weapons for the purpose of overcoming damage reduction. 
     A few very powerful dragons are vulnerable only to epic weapons—that is, magic weapons with at least a +6 enhancement bonus. Such dragons’ natural weapons are also treated as epic weapons for the purpose of overcoming damage reduction. 
     Some dragons are vulnerable to good-, evil-, chaotically, or lawfully aligned weapons. When a cleric or inquisitor casts align weapon, affected weapons might gain one or more of these properties, and certain magic weapons have these properties as well. A dragon with an alignment subtype (chaotic, evil, good, or lawful) can overcome this type of damage reduction with its natural weapons and weapons it wields as if the weapons or natural weapons had an alignment (or alignments) that matched the subtype(s) of the dragon. 
     When a damage reduction entry has a — after the slash, no weapon negates the damage reduction. 
     A few dragons are harmed by more than one kind of weapon. A weapon that inflicts damage of either type overcomes this damage reduction. 
     A few other dragons require combinations of different types of attacks to overcome their damage reduction, and a weapon must be both types to overcome this type of damage reduction. A weapon that is only one type is still subject to damage reduction.
     A dragon with immunities takes no damage from listed sources. Immunities can also apply to afflictions, conditions, spells (based on school, level, or save type), and other effects. A dragon that is immune does not suffer from these effects, or any secondary effects that are triggered due to an immune effect.
     A dragon with Spell Resistance has the extraordinary ability to avoid the effects of spells and spell-like abilities that directly affect it. To determine if a spell or spell-like ability works against a dragon with spell resistance, the caster must make a caster level check (1d20 + caster level). If the result equals or exceeds the dragon’s spell resistance, the spell works normally, although the dragon is still allowed a saving throw.
     A creature with vulnerabilities takes half again as much damage (+50%) from a specific energy type, regardless of whether a saving throw is allowed or if the save is a success or failure. Creatures with a vulnerability that is not an energy type instead take a –4 penalty on saves against spells and effects that cause or use the listed vulnerability (such as spells with the light descriptor). Some creatures might suffer additional effects, as noted in their descriptions.
 OFFENSE
 Speed 60 ft., fly 150 ft. (average)150 ft. (average)200 ft. (poor)200 ft. (poor)250 ft. (clumsy)250 ft. (clumsy)250 ft. (clumsy)250 ft. (clumsy)250 ft. (clumsy)250 ft. (clumsy)250 ft. (clumsy)250 ft. (clumsy), swim 60 ft.
     A dragon with a Burrow speed can tunnel through dirt, but not through rock unless the descriptive text says otherwise. Dragons cannot charge or run while burrowing. Dragons do not leave behind tunnels other creatures can use (because the material they tunnel through fills in behind them).
     A dragon with a Climb speed has a +8 racial bonus on all Climb checks. The dragon must make a Climb check to climb any wall or slope with a DC higher than 0, but it can always choose to take 10, even if rushed or threatened while climbing. If a dragon with a climb speed chooses an accelerated climb, it moves at double its climb speed (or at it's land speed, whichever is slower) and makes a single Climb check at a -5 penalty. The dragon retains its Dexterity bonus to Armor Class (if any) while climbing, and opponents get no special bonus to their attacks against it. It cannot, however, use the run action while climbing.
     A dragon with a Fly speed can cease or resume flight as a free action on their turn. Without making a check, a flying dragon can remain flying at the end of its turn so long as it moves a distance greater than half its speed. It can also turn up to 45 degrees during its turn by sacrificing 5 feet of movement, can rise at half speed at an angle of 45 degrees (ignoring the penalty for diagonal movement), and can descend at any angle at normal speed. At the beginning of their turn a flying dragon can move in a different direction than it did previously without needing a Fly check.
     A dragon with a natural fly speed receives a bonus (or penalty) on Fly skill checks depending on its maneuverability:
 • Clumsy –8
 • Poor –4
 • Average +0
 • Good +4
 • Perfect +8
     Dragons without a maneuverability rating are assumed to have average maneuverability and take no penalty on Fly checks. These modifiers are already included in the dragon’s statblock.
     A dragon with a Swim speed can move through water at its indicated speed without making Swim checks. It gains a +8 racial bonus on any Swim check to perform a special action or avoid a hazard. The dragon can always choose to take 10 on a Swim check, even if distracted or endangered when swimming. Such a dragon can use the run action while swimming, provided that it swims in a straight line.
 Melee bite +12 (1d6+4), 2 claws +12 (1d4+3)bite +21 (2d6+12), 2 claws +21 (1d8+8/19-20), tail slap +19 (1d8+12), 2 wings +19 (1d6+4)bite +21 (2d6+12), 2 claws +21 (1d8+8/19-20), tail slap +19 (1d8+12), 2 wings +19 (1d6+4)bite +21 (2d6+12), 2 claws +21 (1d8+8/19–20), tail slap +19 (1d8+12), 2 wings +19 (1d6+4)bite +26 (2d8+15/19–20), 2 claws +26 (2d6+10/19–20), tail slap +24 (2d6+15), 2 wings +24 (1d8+5)bite +26 (2d8+15/19–20), 2 claws +26 (2d6+10/19–20), tail slap +24 (2d6+15), 2 wings +24 (1d8+5)bite +29 (2d8+16/19–20), 2 claws +29 (2d6+11/19–20), tail slap +27 (2d6+16), 2 wings +27 (1d8+5/19–20)bite +30 (4d6+18/19–20), 2 claws +30 (2d8+12/19–20), tail slap +28 (2d8+18), 2 wings +28 (2d6+6/19–20)bite +33 (4d6+19/19–20), 2 claws +33 (2d8+13/19–20), tail slap +31 (2d8+19/19–20), 2 wings +31 (2d6+6/19–20)bite +36 (4d6+21/19–20), 2 claws +36 (2d8+14/19–20), tail slap +34 (2d8+21/19–20), 2 wings +34 (2d6+7/19–20)bite +39 (4d6+22/19–20), 2 claws +39 (2d8+15/19–20), tail slap +37 (2d8+22/19–20), 2 wings +37 (2d6+7/19–20)bite +38 (4d8+24/19–20), 2 claws +38 (4d6+16/19–20), tail slap +36 (4d6+24/19–20), 2 wings +36 (2d8+8/19–20)
 Space 5510101515152020202030 ft.; Reach 5 ft.5 ft. (10 ft. with bite)5 ft. (10 ft. with bite)5 ft. (10 ft. with bite)10 ft. (15 ft. with bite)10 ft. (15 ft. with bite)10 ft. (15 ft. with bite)15 ft. (20 ft. with bite)15 ft. (20 ft. with bite)15 ft. (20 ft. with bite)15 ft. (20 ft. with bite)20 ft. (30 ft. with bite)
 Special Attacks breath weapon (20-ft. cone, 2d10 fire, DC 16 half), weakening breath (20-ft. cone, 1 Strength damage, DC 16 negates)(30-ft. cone, 4d10 fire, DC 18 half), weakening breath (30-ft. cone, 2 Strength damage, DC 18 negates)(40-ft. cone, 6d10 fire, DC 20 half), weakening breath (40-ft. cone, 3 Strength damage, DC 20 negates)(40-ft. cone, 8d10 fire, DC 22 half), weakening breath (40-ft. cone, 4 Strength damage, DC 22 negates)(50-ft. cone, 10d10 fire, DC 23 half), crush (Small creatures, DC 23, 2d8+13), weakening breath (50-ft. cone, 5 Strength damage, DC 23 negates)(50-ft. cone, 12d10 fire, DC 25 half), crush (Small creatures, DC 25, 2d8+15), weakening breath (50-ft. cone, 6 Strength damage, DC 25 negates)(50-ft. cone, 14d10 fire, DC 26 half), crush (Small creatures, DC 26, 2d8+16), weakening breath (50-ft. cone, 7 Strength damage, DC 26 negates)(60-ft. cone, 16d10 fire, DC 28 half), crush (Medium creatures, DC 28, 4d6+18), tail sweep (30-ft., 2d6+18, DC 28), weakening breath (60-ft. cone, 8 Strength damage, DC 28 negates)(60-ft. cone, 18d10 fire, DC 29 half), crush (Medium creatures, DC 29, 4d6+19), tail sweep (30-ft., 2d6+19, DC 29), weakening breath (60-ft. cone, 9 Strength damage, DC 29 negates)(60-ft. cone, 20d10 fire, DC 31 half), crush (Medium creatures, DC 31, 4d6+21), tail sweep (30-ft., 2d6+21, DC 31), weakening breath (60-ft. cone, 10 Strength damage, DC 31 negates)(60-ft. cone, 22d10 fire, DC 32 half), crush (Medium creatures, DC 32, 4d6+22), tail sweep (30-ft., 2d6+22, DC 32), weakening breath (60-ft. cone, 11 Strength damage, DC 32 negates)(70-ft. cone, 24d10 fire, DC 34 half), crush (Large creatures, DC 34, 4d8+24), tail sweep (40-ft., 2d8+24, DC 34), weakening breath (70-ft. cone, 12 Strength damage, DC 34 negates)
 Breath Weapon (Su) Dragons have the ability to exhale a cone, line, or cloud of energy or other magical effect. A breath weapon attack usually deals damage and is often based on some type of energy. Breath weapons allow a Reflex save for half damage (DC 10 + 1/2 breathing dragon’s racial HD + Con modifier; the exact DC is given in the dragon’s descriptive text). A dragon is immune to its own breath weapon unless otherwise noted. Some breath weapons allow a Fortitude save or a Will save instead of a Reflex save. Each breath weapon also includes notes on how often it can be used, even if this number is limited in times per day.
 Crush (Ex) A flying or jumping Huge or larger dragon can land on foes as a standard action, using its whole body to crush them. Crush attacks are effective only against opponents three or more size categories smaller than the dragon. A crush attack affects as many creatures as fit in the dragon’s space. Creatures in the affected area must succeed on a Reflex save (DC equal to that of the dragon’s breath weapon) or be pinned, automatically taking bludgeoning damage during the next round unless the dragon moves off them. If the dragon chooses to maintain the pin, it must succeed at a combat maneuver check as normal. Pinned foes take damage from the crush each round if they don’t escape. A crush attack deals the indicated damage plus 1-1/2 times the dragon’s Strength bonus.
 Tail Sweep (Ex) This allows a Gargantuan or larger dragon to sweep with its tail as a standard action. The sweep affects a half-circle with a radius of 30 feet (or 40 feet for a Colossal dragon), extending from an intersection on the edge of the dragon’s space in any direction. Creatures within the swept area are affected if they are four or more size categories smaller than the dragon. A tail sweep automatically deals the indicated damage plus 1-1/2 times the dragon’s Strength bonus (round down). Affected creatures can attempt Reflex saves to take half damage (DC equal to that of the dragon’s breath weapon).
 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 10th; concentration +13)
 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 12th; concentration +15)
 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 14th; concentration +18)
 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 16th; concentration +20)
 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 18th; concentration +23)
 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 20th; concentration +25)
 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 22nd; concentration +28)
 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 24th; concentration +30)
 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 26th; concentration +33)
 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 28th; concentration +35)
 Spell-Like Abilities (CL 30th; concentration +38)
     Spell-like abilities are magical and work just like spells (though they are not spells and so have no verbal, somatic, focus, or material components). They go away in an antimagic field and are subject to spell resistance if the spell the ability is based on would be subject to spell resistance.
     A spell-like ability usually has a limit on how often it can be used. A constant spell-like ability or one that can be used at will has no use limit; unless otherwise stated, a creature can only use a constant spell-like ability on itself. Reactivating a constant spell-like ability is a swift action. Using all other spell-like abilities is a standard action unless noted otherwise, and doing so provokes attacks of opportunity. It is possible to make a concentration check to use a spell-like ability defensively and avoid provoking an attack of opportunity, just as when casting a spell. A spell-like ability can be disrupted just as a spell can be. Spell-like abilities cannot be used to counterspell, nor can they be counterspelled.
     For creatures with spell-like abilities, a designated caster level defines how difficult it is to dispel their spell-like effects and to define any level-dependent variables (such as range and duration) the abilities might have. The creature’s caster level never affects which spell-like abilities the creature has; sometimes the given caster level is lower than the level a spellcasting character would need to cast the spell of the same name. If no caster level is specified, the caster level is equal to the creature’s Hit Dice. The saving throw (if any) against a spell-like ability is 10 + the level of the spell the ability resembles or duplicates + the creature’s Charisma modifier.
     Some spell-like abilities duplicate spells that work differently when cast by characters of different classes. A monster’s spell-like abilities are presumed to be the sorcerer/wizard versions. If the spell in question is not a sorcerer/wizard spell, then default to cleric, druid, bard, paladin, and ranger, in that order.
 At will—detect evil
 At will—detect evil
 3/day—locate object (gemstones only)
 At will—bless, detect evil
 3/day—locate object (gemstones only)
 At will—bless, detect evil
 3/day—locate object (gemstones only)
 At will—bless, daylight, detect evil
 3/day—locate object (gemstones only)
 At will—bless, daylight, detect evil
 3/day—locate object (gemstones only)
 At will—bless, daylight, detect evil, geas/quest
 3/day—locate object (gemstones only)
 At will—bless, daylight, detect evil, geas/quest
 3/day—locate object (gemstones only)
 At will—bless, daylight, detect evil, geas/quest, sunburst (DC 25)
 3/day—locate object (gemstones only)
 At will—bless, daylight, detect evil, geas/quest, sunburst (DC 25)
 3/day—locate object (gemstones only)
 At will—bless, daylight, detect evil, foresight, geas/quest, sunburst (DC 26)
 3/day—locate object (gemstones only)
 1/week—miracle
 Sorcerer Spells Known (CL 1st; concentration +4)
 1st (6/day)—alarm, mage armor
 0 (at will)—detect magic, light, mage hand, prestidigitation
 Sorcerer Spells Known (CL 3rd; concentration +7)
 1st (6/day)—alarm, mage armor, shield
 0 (at will)—detect magic, light, mage hand, mending, prestidigitation
 Sorcerer Spells Known (CL 5th; concentration +9)
 2nd (5/day)—invisibility, mirror image
 1st (7/day)—alarm, comprehend languages, mage armor, shield
 0 (at will)—detect magic, guidance, light, mage hand, mending, prestidigitation
 Sorcerer Spells Known (CL 7th; concentration +12)
 3rd (5/day)—dispel magic, suggestion (DC 18)
 2nd (7/day)—calm emotions (DC 17), invisibility, mirror image
 1st (8/day)—alarm, comprehend languages, mage armor, magic missile, shield
 0 (at will)—detect magic, guidance, light, mage hand, mending, prestidigitation, resistance
 Sorcerer Spells Known (CL 9th; concentration +14)
 4th (5/day)—charm monster (DC 19), dimension door
 3rd (7/day)—dispel magic, displacement, suggestion (DC 18)
 2nd (7/day)—calm emotions (DC 17), detect thoughts (DC 17), invisibility, mirror image
 1st (8/day)—alarm, comprehend languages, mage armor, magic missile, shield
 0 (at will)—create water, detect magic, guidance, light, mage hand, mending, prestidigitation, resistance
 Sorcerer Spells Known (CL 11th; concentration +17)
 5th (5/day)—break enchantment, telekinesis (DC 21)
 4th (7/day)—charm monster (DC 20), dimension door, freedom of movement
 3rd (7/day)—arcane sight, dispel magic, displacement, suggestion (DC 19)
 2nd (8/day)—calm emotions (DC 18), detect thoughts (DC 18), invisibility, mirror image, resist energy
 1st (8/day)—alarm, comprehend languages, mage armor, magic missile, shield
 0 (at will)—create water, detect magic, detect poison, guidance, light, mage hand, mending, prestidigitation, resistance
 Sorcerer Spells Known (CL 13th; concentration +19)
 6th (5/day)—disintegrate (DC 22), true seeing
 5th (7/day)—break enchantment, cone of cold (DC 21), telekinesis (DC 21)
 4th (7/day)—charm monster (DC 20), dimension door, freedom of movement, greater invisibility
 3rd (7/day)—arcane sight, dispel magic, displacement, suggestion (DC 19)
 2nd (8/day)—calm emotions (DC 18), detect thoughts (DC 18), invisibility, mirror image, resist energy
 1st (8/day)—alarm, comprehend languages, mage armor, magic missile, shield
 0 (at will)—create water, detect magic, detect poison, guidance, light, mage hand, mending, prestidigitation, resistance
 Sorcerer Spells Known (CL 15th; concentration +22)
 7th (5/day)—delayed blast fireball (DC 24), repulsion (DC 24)
 6th (7/day)—chain lightning (DC 23), disintegrate (DC 23), true seeing
 5th (7/day)—break enchantment, cone of cold (DC 22), telekinesis (DC 22), teleport
 4th (7/day)—charm monster (DC 21), dimension door, freedom of movement, greater invisibility
 3rd (8/day)—arcane sight, dispel magic, displacement, suggestion (DC 20)
 2nd (8/day)—calm emotions (DC 19), detect thoughts (DC 19), invisibility, mirror image, resist energy
 1st (8/day)—alarm, comprehend languages, mage armor, magic missile, shield
 0 (at will)—create water, detect magic, detect poison, guidance, light, mage hand, mending, prestidigitation, resistance
 Sorcerer Spells Known (CL 17th; concentration +24)
 8th (4/day)—dimensional lock, mind blank
 7th (7/day)—delayed blast fireball (DC 24), ethereal jaunt, repulsion (DC 24)
 6th (7/day)—chain lightning (DC 23), disintegrate (DC 23), true seeing
 5th (7/day)—break enchantment, cone of cold (DC 22), telekinesis (DC 22), teleport
 4th (7/day)—charm monster (DC 21), dimension door, freedom of movement, greater invisibility
 3rd (8/day)—arcane sight, dispel magic, displacement, suggestion (DC 20)
 2nd (8/day)—calm emotions (DC 19), detect thoughts (DC 19), invisibility, mirror image, resist energy
 1st (8/day)—alarm, comprehend languages, mage armor, magic missile, shield
 0 (at will)—create water, detect magic, detect poison, guidance, light, mage hand, mending, prestidigitation, resistance
 Sorcerer Spells Known (CL 19th; concentration +27)
 9th (4/day)—meteor swarm (DC 27), time stop
 8th (7/day)—dimensional lock, mind blank, prismatic wall (DC 26)
 7th (7/day)—delayed blast fireball (DC 25), ethereal jaunt, repulsion (DC 25)
 6th (7/day)—chain lightning (DC 24), disintegrate (DC 24), true seeing
 5th (7/day)—break enchantment, cone of cold (DC 23), telekinesis (DC 23), teleport
 4th (8/day)—charm monster (DC 22), dimension door, freedom of movement, greater invisibility
 3rd (8/day)—arcane sight, dispel magic, displacement, suggestion (DC 21)
 2nd (8/day)—calm emotions (DC 20), detect thoughts (DC 20), invisibility, mirror image, resist energy
 1st (8/day)—alarm, comprehend languages, mage armor, magic missile, shield
 0 (at will)—create water, detect magic, detect poison, guidance, light, mage hand, mending, prestidigitation, resistance
 STATISTICS
 Str 172125272931333537394143, Dex 1412121210101088886, Con 151719212123232525272729, Int 141616181820202222242426, Wis 151717191921212323252527, Cha 141616181820202222242426
 Base Atk +81012141618202224262830; CMB +101520242730333841444754; CMD 22 (26 vs. trip)26 (30 vs. trip)31 (35 vs. trip)CMD 34 (38 vs. trip)37 (41 vs. trip)CMD 40 (44 vs. trip)43 (47 vs. trip)47 (51 vs. trip)50 (54 vs. trip)53 (57 vs. trip)62 (66 vs. trip)62 (66 vs. trip)
     When performing a combat maneuver, you must use an action appropriate to the maneuver you are attempting to perform. While many combat maneuvers can be performed as part of an attack action, full-attack action, or attack of opportunity (in place of a melee attack), others require a specific action. Unless otherwise noted, performing a combat maneuver provokes an attack of opportunity from the target of the maneuver. If you are hit by the target, you take the damage normally and apply that amount as a penalty to the attack roll to perform the maneuver. If your target is immobilized, unconscious, or otherwise incapacitated, your maneuver automatically succeeds (treat as if you rolled a natural 20 on the attack roll). If your target is stunned, you receive a +4 bonus on your attack roll to perform a combat maneuver against it.
     When you attempt to perform a combat maneuver, make an attack roll and add your CMB in place of your normal attack bonus. Add any bonuses you currently have on attack rolls due to spells, feats, and other effects. These bonuses must be applicable to the weapon or attack used to perform the maneuver. The DC of this maneuver is your target’s Combat Maneuver Defense. Combat maneuvers are attack rolls, so you must roll for concealment and take any other penalties that would normally apply to an attack roll.
     If your attack roll equals or exceeds the CMD of the target, your maneuver is a success and has the listed effect. Some maneuvers, such as bull rush, have varying levels of success depending on how much your attack roll exceeds the target’s CMD. Rolling a natural 20 while attempting a combat maneuver is always a success (except when attempting to escape from bonds), while rolling a natural 1 is always a failure.
 Feats Alertness, Iron Will, Multiattack, Vital StrikeAlertness, Iron Will, Multiattack, Power Attack, Vital StrikeAlertness, Improved Critical (claw), Iron Will, Multiattack, Power Attack, Vital StrikeAlertness, Critical Focus, Improved Critical (claw), Iron Will, Multiattack, Power Attack, Vital StrikeAlertness, Critical Focus, Improved Critical (bite), Improved Critical (claw), Iron Will, Multiattack, Power Attack, Vital StrikeAlertness, Critical Focus, Extend Spell, Improved Critical (bite), Improved Critical (claw), Iron Will, Multiattack, Power Attack, Vital StrikeAlertness, Critical Focus, Extend Spell, Improved Critical (bite), Improved Critical (claw), Improved Critical (wing), Iron Will, Multiattack, Power Attack, Vital StrikeAlertness, Critical Focus, Extend Spell, Improved Critical (bite), Improved Critical (claw), Improved Critical (wing), Iron Will, Multiattack, Power Attack, Quicken Spell, Vital StrikeAlertness, Critical Focus, Extend Spell, Improved Critical (bite), Improved Critical (claw), Improved Critical (tail slap), Improved Critical (wing), Iron Will, Multiattack, Power Attack, Quicken Spell, Vital StrikeAlertness, Critical Focus, Extend Spell, Improved Critical (bite), Improved Critical (claw), Improved Critical (tail slap), Improved Critical (wing), Iron Will, Multiattack, Power Attack, Quicken Spell, Staggering Critical, Vital StrikeAlertness, Critical Focus, Extend Spell, Improved Critical (bite), Improved Critical (claw), Improved Critical (tail slap), Improved Critical (wing), Iron Will, Multiattack, Power Attack, Quicken Spell, Staggering Critical, Stunning Critical, Vital StrikeAlertness, Critical Focus, Extend Spell, Improved Critical (bite), Improved Critical (claw), Improved Critical (tail slap), Improved Critical (wing), Iron Will, Multiattack, Power Attack, Quicken Spell, Sickening Critical, Staggering Critical, Stunning Critical, Vital Strike
 Skills Acrobatics +2 (+14 to jump), Diplomacy +13, Fly +15, Heal +13, Knowledge (religion) +13, Perception +15, Sense Motive +15, Spellcraft +13, Swim +22Acrobatics +1 (+13 to jump), Diplomacy +16, Fly +14, Heal +16, Knowledge (local) +16, Knowledge (religion) +16, Perception +20, Sense Motive +20, Spellcraft +16, Swim +26Acrobatics +1 (+13 to jump), Diplomacy +18, Fly +10, Heal +18, Knowledge (local) +18, Knowledge (religion) +18, Perception +22, Sense Motive +22, Spellcraft +18, Swim +30Acrobatics +1 (+13 to jump), Diplomacy +21, Fly +12, Heal +21, Knowledge (local) +21, Knowledge (nobility) +21, Knowledge (religion) +21, Perception +25, Sense Motive +25, Spellcraft +21, Swim +33Acrobatics +0 (+12 to jump), Diplomacy +23, Fly +7, Heal +23, Knowledge (local) +23, Knowledge (nobility) +23, Knowledge (religion) +23, Perception +27, Sense Motive +27, Spellcraft +23, Swim +36Acrobatics +0 (+12 to jump), Diplomacy +26, Fly +9, Heal +26, Knowledge (arcana) +26, Knowledge (local) +26, Knowledge (nobility) +26, Knowledge (religion) +26, Perception +30, Sense Motive +30, Spellcraft +26, Swim +39Languages Celestial, Common, DraconicAcrobatics +0 (+12 to jump), Diplomacy +28, Fly +11, Heal +28, Knowledge (arcana) +28, Knowledge (local) +28, Knowledge (nobility) +28, Knowledge (religion) +28, Perception +32, Sense Motive +32, Spellcraft +28, Swim +42Acrobatics –1 (+11 to jump), Diplomacy +31, Fly +10, Heal +31, Knowledge (arcana) +31, Knowledge (history) +31, Knowledge (local) +31, Knowledge (nobility) +31, Knowledge (religion) +31, Perception +35, Sense Motive +35, Spellcraft +31, Swim +45Acrobatics –1 (+11 to jump), Diplomacy +33, Fly +12, Heal +33, Knowledge (arcana) +33, Knowledge (history) +33, Knowledge (local) +33, Knowledge (nobility) +33, Knowledge (religion) +33, Perception +37, Sense Motive +37, Spellcraft +33, Swim +48Acrobatics –1 (+11 to jump), Diplomacy +36, Fly +14, Heal +36, Knowledge (arcana) +36, Knowledge (history) +36, Knowledge (local) +36, Knowledge (nobility) +36, Knowledge (planes) +36, Knowledge (religion) +36, Perception +40, Sense Motive +40, Spellcraft +36, Swim +51Acrobatics –1 (+11 to jump), Diplomacy +38, Fly +16, Heal +38, Knowledge (arcana) +38, Knowledge (history) +38, Knowledge (local) +38, Knowledge (nobility) +38, Knowledge (planes) +38, Knowledge (religion) +38, Perception +42, Sense Motive +42, Spellcraft +38, Swim +54Acrobatics –2 (+10 to jump), Diplomacy +41, Disguise +38, Fly +15, Heal +41, Knowledge (arcana) +41, Knowledge (history) +41, Knowledge (local) +41, Knowledge (nobility) +41, Knowledge (planes) +41, Knowledge (religion) +41, Perception +45, Sense Motive +45, Spellcraft +41, Swim +57
 Languages Common, Draconic, ElvenCommon, Draconic, Elven, HalflingCommon, Draconic, Elven, HalflingCelestial, Common, Draconic, Elven, HalflingCelestial, Common, Draconic, Elven, HalflingCelestial, Common, Draconic, Elven, Gnomish, HalflingCelestial, Common, Draconic, Elven, Gnomish, HalflingCelestial, Common, Draconic, Dwarven, Elven, Gnomish, HalflingCelestial, Common, Draconic, Dwarven, Elven, Gnomish, HalflingAbyssal, Celestial, Common, Draconic, Dwarven, Elven, Gnomish, HalflingAbyssal, Celestial, Common, Draconic, Dwarven, Elven, Gnomish, HalflingAbyssal, Celestial, Common, Draconic, Dwarven, Elven, Gnomish, Halfling, Infernal
 SQ change shape (any animal or humanoid, polymorph) 3/day
 SQ change shape (any animal or humanoid, polymorph) 3/day, detect gems, fast flight
 SQ change shape (any animal or humanoid, polymorph) 3/day, detect gems, fast flight
 SQ change shape (any animal or humanoid, polymorph) 3/day, detect gems, fast flight
 SQ change shape (any animal or humanoid, polymorph) 3/day, detect gems, fast flight, luck
 SQ change shape (any animal or humanoid, polymorph) 3/day, detect gems, fast flight, luck
 SQ change shape (any animal or humanoid, polymorph) 3/day, detect gems, fast flight, luck
 SQ change shape (any animal or humanoid, polymorph) 3/day, detect gems, fast flight, luck
 SQ change shape (any animal or humanoid, polymorph) 3/day, detect gems, fast flight, luck
 SQ change shape (any animal or humanoid, polymorph) 3/day, detect gems, fast flight, luck
 SQ change shape (any animal or humanoid, polymorph) 3/day, detect gems, divine aid, fast flight, luck
 Change Shape (Su) This creature has the ability to assume the appearance of a specific creature or type of creature (usually a humnoid), but retains most of its own physical qualities. A creature cannot typically change shape to a form more than one size category smaller or larger than its original form. This ability functions as a polymorph spell, the type of which is listed in the creature’s description, but the creature does not adjust its ability scores (although it gains any other abilities of the creature it mimics). Unless otherwise stated, it can remain in an alternate form indefinitely. Some creatures, such as lycanthropes, can transform into unique forms with special modifiers and abilities. These creatures do adjust their ability scores, as noted in their descriptions.
 ECOLOGY
 Environment warm plains
 Organization solitary
 Treasure triple
 SPECIAL ABILITIES
 Detect Gems (Sp) A young or older gold dragon can detect gems three times per day. This functions as locate object, but can only be used to locate gemstones.
 Detect Gems (Sp) A young or older gold dragon can detect gems three times per day. This functions as locate object, but can only be used to locate gemstones.
 Detect Gems (Sp) A young or older gold dragon can detect gems three times per day. This functions as locate object, but can only be used to locate gemstones.
 Detect Gems (Sp) A young or older gold dragon can detect gems three times per day. This functions as locate object, but can only be used to locate gemstones.
 Detect Gems (Sp) A young or older gold dragon can detect gems three times per day. This functions as locate object, but can only be used to locate gemstones.
 Detect Gems (Sp) A young or older gold dragon can detect gems three times per day. This functions as locate object, but can only be used to locate gemstones.
 Detect Gems (Sp) A young or older gold dragon can detect gems three times per day. This functions as locate object, but can only be used to locate gemstones.
 Detect Gems (Sp) A young or older gold dragon can detect gems three times per day. This functions as locate object, but can only be used to locate gemstones.
 Detect Gems (Sp) A young or older gold dragon can detect gems three times per day. This functions as locate object, but can only be used to locate gemstones.
 Detect Gems (Sp) A young or older gold dragon can detect gems three times per day. This functions as locate object, but can only be used to locate gemstones.
 Divine Aid (Sp) Once a week, a great wyrm gold dragon can call upon celestial powers for aid. This functions as a miracle.
 Fast Flight (Ex) A young or older gold dragon is treated as one size category larger when determining his fly speed. This adjustment is included in the statblock above.
 Fast Flight (Ex) A young or older gold dragon is treated as one size category larger when determining his fly speed. This adjustment is included in the statblock above.
 Fast Flight (Ex) A young or older gold dragon is treated as one size category larger when determining his fly speed. This adjustment is included in the statblock above.
 Fast Flight (Ex) A young or older gold dragon is treated as one size category larger when determining his fly speed. This adjustment is included in the statblock above.
 Fast Flight (Ex) A young or older gold dragon is treated as one size category larger when determining his fly speed. This adjustment is included in the statblock above.
 Fast Flight (Ex) A young or older gold dragon is treated as one size category larger when determining his fly speed. This adjustment is included in the statblock above.
 Fast Flight (Ex) A young or older gold dragon is treated as one size category larger when determining his fly speed. This adjustment is included in the statblock above.
 Fast Flight (Ex) A young or older gold dragon is treated as one size category larger when determining his fly speed. This adjustment is included in the statblock above.
 Fast Flight (Ex) A young or older gold dragon is treated as one size category larger when determining his fly speed. This adjustment is included in the statblock above.
 Fast Flight (Ex) A young or older gold dragon is treated as one size category larger when determining his fly speed. This adjustment is included in the statblock above.
 Fire Aura (Su) An old or older gold dragon is surrounded by an aura of fire. All creatures within 5 feet of the dragon take 1d6 points of fire damage at the beginning of the dragon’s turn. An ancient gold dragon’s aura extends to 10 feet. A great wyrm’s damage increases to 2d6. The dragon can activate or suppress this aura as a free action.
 Fire Aura (Su) An old or older gold dragon is surrounded by an aura of fire. All creatures within 5 feet of the dragon take 1d6 points of fire damage at the beginning of the dragon’s turn. An ancient gold dragon’s aura extends to 10 feet. A great wyrm’s damage increases to 2d6. The dragon can activate or suppress this aura as a free action.
 Fire Aura (Su) An old or older gold dragon is surrounded by an aura of fire. All creatures within 5 feet of the dragon take 1d6 points of fire damage at the beginning of the dragon’s turn. An ancient gold dragon’s aura extends to 10 feet. A great wyrm’s damage increases to 2d6. The dragon can activate or suppress this aura as a free action.
 Fire Aura (Su) An old or older gold dragon is surrounded by an aura of fire. All creatures within 5 feet of the dragon take 1d6 points of fire damage at the beginning of the dragon’s turn. An ancient gold dragon’s aura extends to 10 feet. A great wyrm’s damage increases to 2d6. The dragon can activate or suppress this aura as a free action.
 Fire Aura (Su) An old or older gold dragon is surrounded by an aura of fire. All creatures within 5 feet of the dragon take 1d6 points of fire damage at the beginning of the dragon’s turn. An ancient gold dragon’s aura extends to 10 feet. A great wyrm’s damage increases to 2d6. The dragon can activate or suppress this aura as a free action.
 Luck (Sp) Once per day an adult or older gold dragon can touch a gem, usually one embedded in the dragon’s hide, and enspell it to bring good luck. As long as the dragon carries the gem, it and every good creature within a given radius of it (10 ft. per age category) receives a +1 luck bonus on all saving throws. If the dragon gives an enspelled gem to another creature, only that bearer gets the bonus. The effect lasts 1d3 hours plus 3 hours per age category of the dragon. This ability is the equivalent of a 2nd-level spell.
 Luck (Sp) Once per day an adult or older gold dragon can touch a gem, usually one embedded in the dragon’s hide, and enspell it to bring good luck. As long as the dragon carries the gem, it and every good creature within a given radius of it (10 ft. per age category) receives a +1 luck bonus on all saving throws. If the dragon gives an enspelled gem to another creature, only that bearer gets the bonus. The effect lasts 1d3 hours plus 3 hours per age category of the dragon. This ability is the equivalent of a 2nd-level spell.
 Luck (Sp) Once per day an adult or older gold dragon can touch a gem, usually one embedded in the dragon’s hide, and enspell it to bring good luck. As long as the dragon carries the gem, it and every good creature within a given radius of it (10 ft. per age category) receives a +1 luck bonus on all saving throws. If the dragon gives an enspelled gem to another creature, only that bearer gets the bonus. The effect lasts 1d3 hours plus 3 hours per age category of the dragon. This ability is the equivalent of a 2nd-level spell.
 Luck (Sp) Once per day an adult or older gold dragon can touch a gem, usually one embedded in the dragon’s hide, and enspell it to bring good luck. As long as the dragon carries the gem, it and every good creature within a given radius of it (10 ft. per age category) receives a +1 luck bonus on all saving throws. If the dragon gives an enspelled gem to another creature, only that bearer gets the bonus. The effect lasts 1d3 hours plus 3 hours per age category of the dragon. This ability is the equivalent of a 2nd-level spell.
 Luck (Sp) Once per day an adult or older gold dragon can touch a gem, usually one embedded in the dragon’s hide, and enspell it to bring good luck. As long as the dragon carries the gem, it and every good creature within a given radius of it (10 ft. per age category) receives a +1 luck bonus on all saving throws. If the dragon gives an enspelled gem to another creature, only that bearer gets the bonus. The effect lasts 1d3 hours plus 3 hours per age category of the dragon. This ability is the equivalent of a 2nd-level spell.
 Luck (Sp) Once per day an adult or older gold dragon can touch a gem, usually one embedded in the dragon’s hide, and enspell it to bring good luck. As long as the dragon carries the gem, it and every good creature within a given radius of it (10 ft. per age category) receives a +1 luck bonus on all saving throws. If the dragon gives an enspelled gem to another creature, only that bearer gets the bonus. The effect lasts 1d3 hours plus 3 hours per age category of the dragon. This ability is the equivalent of a 2nd-level spell.
 Luck (Sp) Once per day an adult or older gold dragon can touch a gem, usually one embedded in the dragon’s hide, and enspell it to bring good luck. As long as the dragon carries the gem, it and every good creature within a given radius of it (10 ft. per age category) receives a +1 luck bonus on all saving throws. If the dragon gives an enspelled gem to another creature, only that bearer gets the bonus. The effect lasts 1d3 hours plus 3 hours per age category of the dragon. This ability is the equivalent of a 2nd-level spell.
 Weakening Breath (Su) Instead of a cone of fire, a gold dragon can choose to breathe a cone of weakening gas. Creatures within the cone take 1 point of Strength damage per age category of the dragon (Fortitude negates).

Warm Plain